Evolution of genome-phenome diversity under environmental stress
Evolution of genome-phenome diversity under environmental stress
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.101109298
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发表时间：
2001-05-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nevo, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nevo, E
基因组时代彻底改变了进化生物学。基因、基因组、表型组和生物群系的基因型-表型多样性和生物多样性进化之谜。在此回顾一下，自1975年以来，它一直是海法大学进化研究所研究项目的核心。我们探讨了以下问题。(i)自然界中有多少基因组和表型多样性是适应性的，并通过自然选择进行处理？(ii)什么是时空变量和紧张的宏观和微观地理环境下的适应和物种形成过程的起源和演变？我们将生态遗传学推进到生态基因组学中，并在全球范围内分析了1，200个不同物种的生态，人口统计学和生活史变量，数千个种群和数万个个体，主要是等位酶和部分DNA多样性。同样，我们测试了热，化学，气候和生物应力在几个模式生物。最近，我们引入了遗传图谱和数量性状基因座来阐明适应和物种形成的遗传基础。基因组-表型组整体模型被地下哺乳动物的整体回归、进步和趋同进化所破译。我们的研究结果表明，丰富的基因型和表型多样性的性质。在全球、区域和局部尺度上，自然界中分子和生物多样性的组织和进化是非随机的和结构化的;在整个生命中显示出多样性;并且与非生物和生物环境异质性和压力呈正相关，并且部分可预测。生物多样性的进化，即使在小的孤立的种群，主要是由自然选择，包括多样化，平衡，周期性和净化选择制度，相互作用，但最终压倒，突变，迁移和随机性的影响。
The genomic era revolutionized evolutionary biology. The enigma of genotypic-phenotypic diversity and biodiversity evolution of genes, genomes, phenomes, and biomes. reviewed here, was central in the research program of the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, since 1975. We explored the following questions. (i) How much of the genomic and phenomic diversity in nature is adaptive and processed by natural selection? (ii) What is the origin and evolution of adaptation and speciation processes under spatiotemporal variables and stressful macrogeographic and microgeographic environments? We advanced ecological genetics into ecological genomics and analyzed globally ecological, demographic, and life history variables in 1,200 diverse species across life, thousands of populations, and tens of thousands of individuals tested mostly for allozyme and partly for DNA diversity. Likewise, we tested thermal, chemical, climatic, and biotic stresses in several model organisms. Recently, we introduced genetic maps and quantitative trait loci to elucidate the genetic basis of adaptation and speciation. The genome-phenome holistic model was deciphered by the global regressive, progressive, and convergent evolution of subterranean mammals. Our results indicate abundant genotypic and phenotypic diversity in nature. The organization and evolution of molecular and organismal diversity in nature at global, regional, and local scales are nonrandom and structured; display regularities across life; and are positively correlated with, and partly predictable by, abiotic and biotic environmental heterogeneity and stress. Biodiversity evolution, even in small isolated populations, is primarily driven by natural selection, including diversifying, balancing, cyclical, and purifying selective regimes, interacting with, but ultimately overriding, the effects of mutation, migration, and stochasticity.