Numerical Study of 3-D Liquid Sloshing in an Elastic Tank by MPS-FEM Coupled Method
Numerical Study of 3-D Liquid Sloshing in an Elastic Tank by MPS-FEM Coupled Method
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MPS-FEM 耦合法对弹性罐内三维液体晃动的数值研究
DOI：
10.5957/josr.09180082
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发表时间：
2019-09
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
D.C. Wan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
X. Chen;Y.L. Zhang;D.C. Wan
重载油船或液化天然气船的晃动现象是一个典型的流固耦合问题，涉及多物理、剧烈的自由面流动和非线性结构响应。在过去的几十年里，对这一复杂现象的研究普遍没有考虑舱壁的水弹性行为。在我们以前的工作中，我们对二维弹性液舱中的液体晃动现象进行了数值研究。然而，在现实中，坦克的舱壁会在三维空间内变形。因此，有必要对弹性水舱内的三维晃动问题进行研究。在本文中，我们在拉格朗日系统中发展了一种混合方法。采用运动质点半隐式(MPS)方法模拟具有剧烈自由面的三维流动，并用有限元方法对结构在晃动流冲击载荷作用下的响应进行数值分析。为实现MPS方法与有限元方法的耦合，提出了一种基于质点核函数的插值法，用于流体与结构域之间的异质界面通讯。通过两次试验，验证了力和变形插补模块的可靠性。然后，对三维弹性水舱内的晃动现象进行了数值研究，并与已发表的二维结果进行了比较。通过改变罐壁的杨氏模数，给出了自由表面的演化、冲击压力的变化以及结构的动力响应的特性。
为了支持自然资源的运输需求，越来越多的船舶被制造出来，如超大型原油运输船和液化天然气运输船。对于这些巨大的结构，由于晃动现象导致的局部变形甚至货物安全壳系统损坏等风险随后增加。因此，在研究晃动现象时，有必要考虑液舱壁面的弹性(Dias&Gidaglia，2018)。然而，涉及罐壁振动的现象是复杂的。在晃荡波与弹性舱壁相互作用的过程中，观察到水的破碎、飞溅和融化。同时，结构在晃荡波产生的冲击载荷作用下发生非线性振动。传统的基于网格的方法很难逼真地模拟这些现象。
The sloshing phenomenon in a partially loaded oil tanker or liquid natural gas ship is a typical fluid-structure interaction problem involving multi-physics, violent free-surface flow, and nonlinear structural response. In the past decades, the complex phenomenon has been commonly investigated without consideration of the hydro-elastic behaviors of the bulkheads. In our previous work, the liquid sloshing phenomenon in a two-dimensional (2-D) elastic tank was numerically studied. However, the bulkheads of the tank will deform within the three-dimensional (3-D) space in reality. So, it is necessary to study the 3-D sloshing problem in an elastic tank. In this article, a hybrid approach is developed within the Lagrangian system. The moving particle semiimplicit (MPS) method is used to simulate the evolution of 3-D flow with a violent free surface, and the finite element method (FEM) is used for the numerical analysis of structural response due to the impact loads of the sloshing flow. To couple the MPS method and the FEM method, an interpolation scheme based on the kernel function of the particle method is proposed for the communication on the isomerous interface between the fluid and structure domains. The reliability of force and deformation interpolation modules is validated by two tests. Then, the sloshing phenomenon in a 3-D elastic tank is numerically investigated and compared against the previous published 2-D results. By varying the Young's modulus of the tank walls, characteristics regarding the evolutions of free surface, variation of impact pressures, and dynamic responses of the structures are presented.
To support the transportation demands of natural resources, more and more vessels, such as the very large crude carriers and the liquid natural gas carriers, are manufactured. For these huge structures, risks such as local deformation or even damage of cargo-containment systems resulting from sloshing phenomena subsequently increase. Therefore, it is necessary to take the elasticity of the tank walls into account in the research of sloshing phenomena (Dias & Ghidaglia 2018). However, the phenomena involving the vibrations of the tank walls are complex. In the process of sloshing wave interacting with elastic bulkheads, the fragmentation, splash, and fusion of water are observed. Meanwhile, the structures vibrate nonlinearly under the impact loads resulting from the sloshing wave. These phenomena are hard to simulate realistically by the traditional mesh-based methods.
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