The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts.
The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts.
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DOI：
10.1155/2016/9089610
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zito F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lampiasi N;Russo R;Zito F
了解破骨细胞是如何产生的，以及它们是否可以被炎症刺激改变，这是破骨细胞发生学特别感兴趣的话题。已知单核/巨噬细胞系在巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)和核因子-kB受体激活剂(RANKL)的作用下产生破骨细胞(OCs)，它们分别通过其受体c-FMS和RANK诱导细胞分化。RANK/RANKL结合产生的多核巨细胞(MGCS)是典型的多核巨细胞。然而，很少有研究涉及哪一类巨噬细胞产生OCS的问题。事实上，巨噬细胞的两个主要亚群被假设为炎症型或经典激活型(M1)和抗炎或交替激活型(M2)。已有研究表明，在体外，加入粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)或巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(M-CSF)可使巨噬细胞分化为以M1或M2为主的表型。已知的诱导巨噬细胞极化的各种炎性刺激，如脂多糖或肿瘤坏死因子-α，可以改变RANKL诱导分化所获得的巨噬细胞分化的类型。该综述旨在强调免疫相关刺激和因素在诱导巨噬细胞向破骨细胞分化的选择中的作用。
The understanding of how osteoclasts are generated and whether they can be altered by inflammatory stimuli is a topic of particular interest for osteoclastogenesis. It is known that the monocyte/macrophage lineage gives rise to osteoclasts (OCs) by the action of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), which induce cell differentiation through their receptors, c-fms and RANK, respectively. The multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) generated by the engagement of RANK/RANKL are typical OCs. Nevertheless, very few studies have addressed the question of which subset of macrophages generates OCs. Indeed, two main subsets of macrophages are postulated, the inflammatory or classically activated type (M1) and the anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated type (M2). It has been proposed that macrophages can be polarized in vitro towards a predominantly M1 or M2 phenotype with the addition of granulocyte macrophage- (GM-) CSF or M-CSF, respectively. Various inflammatory stimuli known to induce macrophage polarization, such as LPS or TNF-α, can alter the type of MGC obtained from RANKL-induced differentiation. This review aims to highlight the role of immune-related stimuli and factors in inducing macrophages towards the osteoclastogenesis choice.