Men's and Women's Change and Individual Differences in Change in Femininity from Age 33 to 85: Results from the Intergenerational Studies
Men's and Women's Change and Individual Differences in Change in Femininity from Age 33 to 85: Results from the Intergenerational Studies
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DOI：
10.1007/s10804-010-9108-5
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Livson, Norm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones, Constance J.;Peskin, Harvey;Livson, Norm
这项调查说明了男性和女性的女性气质的变化，以及从成年早期（33岁或35岁）到成年晚期（78岁或85岁）女性气质变化的个体差异。三个长期纵向样本的成员（总N = 327）提供了加州心理量表（CPI）的女性气质量表得分，收集了最多五次。纵向分层线性模型的应用表明：（1）男性和女性的初始水平和女性气质的变化都表现出显著的变异性，（2）性别预测了个体的初始水平和女性气质的变化--男性平均初始女性气质水平较低，随着寿命的延长女性气质水平显著升高;一般女性，最初的女性气质很高，在整个生命周期中女性气质明显降低，（3）女性气质的变化与婚姻或父母状况无关，（4）女性气质的变化只与女性的心理健康水平有关，心理健康水平越高的女性，女性气质越低，而心理健康水平越低的女性，女性气质越高。总的来说，研究结果支持荣格关于男女性别角色交叉的双性化假设，但不支持古特曼关于这种交叉与“父母紧急情况”有关的假设。“对数据的进一步探索表明，Gough和布拉德利（1996）的CPI衍生人格类型也预测了女性的女性气质初始水平和男性的女性气质变化。
This investigation illustrates men's and women's change in femininity, and individual differences in change in femininity from early (age 33 or 35) to late (age 78 or 85) adulthood. Members of three long-term longitudinal samples (total N = 327) provided California Psychological Inventory (CPI) Femininity scale scores, collected a maximum of five times. Application of longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling indicates: (1) both men and women show significant variability in initial level and change in femininity, (2) gender predicts both individuals' initial level and change in femininity-the average man, initially low in femininity, becomes significantly higher in femininity across the lifespan; the average woman, initially high in femininity, becomes significantly lower in femininity across the lifespan, (3) change in femininity is unconnected to marital or parental status, and (4) change in femininity is connected to psychological health level for women only-more psychologically healthy women show a decline in femininity, while less healthy women increase their femininity level. Overall, results support Jung's androgyny hypothesis of a cross-over of gender roles in men and women, but do not support Gutmann's hypothesis that such cross-over is tied to "parental emergency." Additional exploration of the data indicates Gough and Bradley's (1996) CPI-derived personality types also predict femininity initial level for women and femininity change for men.