Dynamics of discrimination and prejudice via two types of social contagion
Dynamics of discrimination and prejudice via two types of social contagion
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amc.2023.127916
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Masanori Takano;K. Nakazato;Fumiaki Taka
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文献类型：
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作者：
Masanori Takano;K. Nakazato;Fumiaki Taka
歧视性行为可能会突然发生，与放大歧视和偏见的外部冲击有关，例如容忍或鼓励歧视的政客当选。因此，歧视在社会上可以变得更加正常化。使用人口动力学，我们模拟了歧视行为和偏见态度的动态来解释这种社会转变。在这个模型中，我们考虑了歧视行为通过两种类型的社会传染的传播，包括直接或直接的，这是通过观察他人的歧视行为（行为到行为），迅速诱发，间接或缓慢，通过社会学习他人的行动和言论的偏见（行为到态度）。后者调解人们的行为，反映了他们的偏见。对这一模式的均衡状态的分析说明了社会条件如何调节外部冲击是否使社会中已经确立的歧视和偏见正常化。我们表明，在一个稳定的系统中，由外部冲击引起的稳定点之间的过渡可以描述剧烈的社会变化。当歧视引起观察者的歧视行为时，这种双稳态就会出现。然后，歧视抑制剂，如反歧视教育，决定偏见是否通过歧视行为传播。这一结果有助于解释国家或社交媒体空间等社会如何表现出对外部冲击的脆弱性，并对未来研究中估计与歧视和偏见有关的社会参数提出了建议。
Discriminatory behavior can occur suddenly in association with an external shock that amplifies discrimination and prejudice, such as the election of politicians who tolerate or encourage discrimination. Consequently, discrimination can become more normalized in society. Using population dynamics, we modeled discriminatory behavior and the dynamics of prejudicial attitudes to explain such social shifts. In this model, we consider the propagation of discrimination behaviors via two types of social contagion, including direct or immediate, which is rapidly evoked by observing others’ discriminatory actions (behavior-to-behavior), and indirect or slow, via social learning of prejudice from others’ actions and speech (behavior-to-attitude). The latter mediates people’s behavior, which reflects their prejudice. An analysis of the equilibrium status of this model illustrates how social conditions mediate whether an external shock normalizes discrimination and prejudice beyond what was already established in the society. We show that transitions between stable points caused by external shocks in a bistable system can describe drastic social changes. This bistability emerges when discrimination evokes discriminatory behavior from observers. Then, discrimination inhibitors, such as anti-discriminatory education, determine whether prejudice spreads through discriminatory behavior. This result can contribute to explanations of how societies such as countries or social media spaces exhibit fragility to external shocks, and suggests implications for estimating social parameters linked to discrimination and prejudice in future research.