Gender, adult structuring of activities, and social behavior in middle childhood.
Gender, adult structuring of activities, and social behavior in middle childhood.
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性别、成人活动结构以及童年中期的社会行为。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00448.x
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Johnson,LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huston,AC;Carpenter,CJ;Atwater,JB;Johnson,LM
本研究旨在检验性别、成人提供的活动结构和儿童中期社会行为之间的关系。成人提供的结构被定义为口头呈现的规则、指南、建议和模型。7-11岁的儿童参加了为期一周的夏令营，在夏令营中可以进行具有高或低成人结构的活动。正如预测的那样，女孩花更多的时间在高结构的活动上，而男孩更多的时间花在低结构的活动上。然而，一旦进入高结构活动，无论男女，都表现出高比率的成人导向的认可度、领导力尝试和遵从率，以及低比率的同伴互动率。在低结构活动中，孩子们将高领导力和其他社交行为导向同性同伴。选择高结构活动最多的儿童也最有可能在这些活动中与成年人互动。那些选择低结构活动的人与男性同龄人的互动率最高。性别类型人格特征与活动选择无关。结果在一个框架中得到解释，该框架包含了“人”属性、环境变量和行为之间的相互作用。
The study was designed to test the relations among gender, adult-provided activity structure, and social behavior for children in middle childhood. Adult-provided structure was defined as verbally presented rules, guidelines, suggestions, and modeling. Children aged 7-11 years attended a 1-week summer day camp in which activities characterized by high or low adult structure were available. As predicted, girls spent more time in highly structured activities, whereas boys spent more time in low-structure activities. Once in high-structure activities, however, both genders displayed high rates of adult-directed bids for recognition, leadership attempts, and compliance and low rates of peer interaction. In low-structure activities, children directed high rates of leadership and other social behaviors to same-sex peers. Children who chose high-structure activities most often were also most likely to interact with adults in those activities. Those who chose low-structure activities showed the highest rates of interaction with male peers. Sex-typed personality attributes were not related to activity choice. The results are interpreted in a framework encompassing the interactions of "person" attributes, environmental variables, and behavior.