Reduced Self-Control after 3 Months of Imprisonment; A Pilot Study.
Reduced Self-Control after 3 Months of Imprisonment; A Pilot Study.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00069
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Scherder EJA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meijers J;Harte JM;Meynen G;Cuijpers P;Scherder EJA
背景资料：监狱的特点是一个贫穷的环境，鼓励久坐不动的生活方式，自主权和社会交往有限，这可能对自我控制和执行功能产生负面影响。在这里，我们旨在研究监禁对自我控制和执行功能的影响，我们报告了3个月监禁后神经心理结果的变化。材料与方法：参与者是荷兰阿姆斯特丹一所还押监狱的37名男性囚犯，他们在抵达的第一周内完成了计算机化神经心理测试组合（剑桥自动神经心理测试组合）的六项测试。参与者在被监禁3个月后再次接受测试。使用Wilcoxon符号秩检验检验性能变化。结果如下：在3个月的监禁后，冒险行为显著增加（衡量为用于投注的可用点数比例的增加），注意力显著恶化（衡量为持续注意力任务的反应时间的变化性增加），具有大到中等的影响大小。相比之下，计划显著改善（用伦敦塔的任务模拟来测量），效果大小为中等。讨论内容：我们的研究表明，在贫困环境中监禁3个月可能会导致自我控制能力下降，表现为冒险行为增加和注意力表现下降。这是一个重要的和社会相关的发现，因为释放的囚犯可能比他们入狱前更不能够过上合法的生活，并且可能更容易冲动冒险行为。换句话说，贫困的环境可能会增加重新犯罪的风险。
Background: Prison can be characterized as an impoverished environment encouraging a sedentary lifestyle with limited autonomy and social interaction, which may negatively affect self-control and executive function. Here, we aim to study the effects of imprisonment on self-control and executive functions, and we report the change in neuropsychological outcome after 3 months of imprisonment. Materials and Methods: Participants were 37 male inmates in a remand prison in Amsterdam, Netherlands, who completed six tests of a computerized neuropsychological test battery (the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery) in the first week of arrival. Participants were retested after 3 months of imprisonment. Change in performance was tested using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Results: After 3 months of imprisonment, risk taking significantly increased (measured as an increase in the proportion of available points used for betting) and attention significantly deteriorated (measured as increased variability in reaction times on a sustained attention task), with large to medium effect sizes. In contrast, planning significantly improved (measured with a task analog to the Tower of London) with a medium effect size. Discussion: Our study suggests that 3 months of imprisonment in an impoverished environment may lead to reduced self-control, measured as increased risk taking and reduced attentional performance. This is a significant and societally relevant finding, as released prisoners may be less capable of living a lawful life than they were prior to their imprisonment, and may be more prone to impulsive risk-taking behavior. In other words, the impoverished environment may contribute to an enhanced risk of reoffending.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Nesset MB;Rustad AB;Kjelsberg E;Almvik R;Bjørngaard JH
通讯作者：
Bjørngaard JH
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Chen, M. -Y.;Lin, F. -L.;Chang, C. -K.
通讯作者：
Chang, C. -K.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Elger, Bernice S.
通讯作者：
Elger, Bernice S.
DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12675
发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
影响因子：
--
作者：
Nigg JT
通讯作者：
Nigg JT
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Meijers, J.;Harte, J. M.;Cuijpers, P.
通讯作者：
Cuijpers, P.