SUMMARY: PAPERS PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Challenges to international wheat improvement
SUMMARY: PAPERS PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Challenges to international wheat improvement
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DOI：
10.1017/s0021859607007034
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发表时间：
2007-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Reynolds;P. Hobbs;H. Braun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Reynolds;P. Hobbs;H. Braun
全世界小麦种植面积为2.1亿公顷，生产约6亿吨粮食(10年平均产量；粮农组织，2005年)，平均提供世界人口总热量投入的五分之一(粮农组织，2003年)。在北非、土耳其和中亚等一些地区，小麦提供了总膳食能量摄入量的一半。在小麦种植面积中，有一半位于欠发达国家，自绿色革命以来，随着产量潜力、抗病能力和对非生物胁迫适应能力的遗传改良，生产率稳步提高(Reynolds&Borlag，2006a，b)，以及更好的农艺措施(Derpsch，2005年)。尽管如此，小麦生产仍然面临相当大的挑战，特别是在发展中国家，这不仅是因为需求增加，还因为水资源日益稀缺(Rosegant 1997；WMO 1997)，气候更加不可预测(Fischer等人)。(2002年)，城市化加剧，农业优质土地流失(霍布斯，2007年)，公共部门对农业和农村事务的投资减少(Falcon&Nayler，2005年)。为了以可持续的方式满足需求，需要更多的资源来培育新一代遗传改良品种，并实施资源节约型农艺管理措施。
Wheat is grown on 210 million ha throughout the world producing approximately 600 million tonnes of grain (10 year average; FAO 2005) and providing on average one fifth of the total calorific input of the world's population (FAO 2003). For some regions such as North Africa, Turkey and Central Asia, wheat provides half of total dietary energy intake. Of the cultivated wheat area, half is located in less developed countries where there have been steady increases in productivity since the green revolution, associated with genetic improvements in yield potential, resistance to diseases and adaptation to abiotic stresses (Reynolds & Borlaug 2006a, b) as well as better agronomic practices (Derpsch 2005). Nonetheless, challenges to wheat production are still considerable, especially in the developing world, not only because of increased demand but also because of the increased scarcity of water resources (Rosegrant 1997; WMO 1997), ever more unpredictable climates (Fischer et al. 2002), increased urbanization and loss of good quality land away from agriculture (Hobbs 2007), and decreased public sector investment in agriculture and rural affairs (Falcon & Naylor 2005). To meet demand in a sustainable way, more resources are required to breed a new generation of genetically improved cultivars as well as implement resource-conserving agronomic management practices.