Grouping and Emergent Features in Vision: Toward a Theory of Basic Gestalts
Grouping and Emergent Features in Vision: Toward a Theory of Basic Gestalts
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DOI：
10.1037/a0024330
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Portillo, Mary C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pomerantz, James R.;Portillo, Mary C.
完形现象往往是如此强大，仅仅是演示就可以证实它们的存在，但完形已被证明很难定义和衡量。在这里，我们概述了一个理论的基本完形（TBG），定义完形作为紧急功能（EF）。这种逻辑依赖于发现整体，这些整体比构建它们的部分更容易辨别。这些整体包含可以作为人类视觉基本特征的EF。随着上下文被添加到视觉刺激中，出现了EFs的层次结构。从一个点开始，加上第二个点，得到前两个潜在的EF：两个点之间的接近度（距离）和方向（角度）。第三个点引入了另外两个潜在的EF：对称性和线性;第四个点产生重叠性。这种层次结构可以扩展到共线性、并行性、闭包等。我们使用配置优先效应的大小来衡量一个共同的规模上的EF的显着性，潜在地让我们比较各种分组原则的优势。TBG看起来很有前途，我们的初步实验建立和量化了人类视觉中至少三种基本的EF。
Gestalt phenomena are often so powerful that mere demonstrations can confirm their existence, but Gestalts have proven hard to define and measure. Here we outline a theory of basic Gestalts (TBG) that defines Gestalts as emergent features (EFs). The logic relies on discovering wholes that are more discriminable than are the parts from which they are built. These wholes contain EFs that can act as basic features in human vision. As context is added to a visual stimulus, a hierarchy of EFs appears. Starting with a single dot and adding a second yields the first two potential EFs: the proximity (distance) and orientation (angle) between the two dots. A third dot introduces two more potential EFs: symmetry and linearity; a fourth dot produces surroundedness. This hierarchy may extend to collinearity, parallelism, closure, and more. We use the magnitude of Configural Superiority Effects to measure the salience of EFs on a common scale, potentially letting us compare the strengths of various grouping principles. TBG appears promising, with our initial experiments establishing and quantifying at least three basic EFs in human vision.