In vivo characterization of traumatic brain injury neuropathology with structural and functional neuroimaging
In vivo characterization of traumatic brain injury neuropathology with structural and functional neuroimaging
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DOI：
10.1089/neu.2006.23.1396
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Black, Sandra E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levine, Brian;Fujiwara, Esther;Black, Sandra E.
定量神经影像学越来越多地用于研究创伤性脑损伤（TBI）对脑结构和功能的影响。本文综述了TBI患者的定量结构和功能神经影像学研究，重点介绍了弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）的影响，这是TBI的主要神经病理。定量结构神经成像已经从简单的平面测量通过目标感兴趣区域分析发展到全脑定量组织室分析。最近的研究表明，在中度至重度脑外伤患者中，灰质和白质的体积损失普遍存在。即使排除局灶性病变的患者，这些变化也能被记录下来。一般来说，快速信息处理的标准神经心理学测试的表现与这些变化有关，但具体的大脑-行为关系的论证需要更精细的实验行为测量。这些结构变化的功能后果可以通过激活功能神经成像成像。虽然这方面的研究还处于早期阶段，但结果表明，创伤性脑损伤会导致额叶和后叶皮层更广泛的分散激活。进一步分析脑外伤对神经结构和功能的影响需要控制神经病理和行为的可变性。
Quantitative neuroimaging is increasingly used to study the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on brain structure and function. This paper reviews quantitative structural and functional neuroimaging studies of patients with TBI, with an emphasis on the effects of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), the primary neuropathology in TBI. Quantitative structural neuroimaging has evolved from simple planometric measurements through targeted region-of-interest analyses to whole-brain analysis of quantified tissue compartments. Recent studies converge to indicate widespread volume loss of both gray and white matter in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI. These changes can be documented even when patients with focal lesions are excluded. Broadly speaking, performance on standard neuropsychological tests of speeded information processing are related to these changes, but demonstration of specific brain-behavior relationships requires more refined experimental behavioral measures. The functional consequences of these structural changes can be imaged with activation functional neuroimaging. Although this line of research is at an early stage, results indicate that TBI causes a more widely dispersed activation in frontal and posterior cortices. Further progress in analysis of the consequences of TBI on neural structure and function will require control of variability in neuropathology and behavior.