Work and Leisure in the U.S. And Europe: Why so Different?
Work and Leisure in the U.S. And Europe: Why so Different?
复制标题
美国和欧洲的工作和休闲：为何如此不同？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bruce I. Sacerdote
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Alesina;E. Glaeser;Bruce I. Sacerdote
美国人平均每周工作25.1小时，而德国人平均每周工作18.6小时。美国人平均每年工作46.2周，而法国人平均每年工作40周。为什么西欧人的工作量比美国人少得多？最近的研究认为，这些差异是由欧洲较高的税率造成的，但大量的实证劳动力供给文献表明，税率只能解释美国和欧洲之间小时数差异的一小部分。另一种流行的观点是，这些差异是由长期存在的欧洲“文化”解释的，但直到20世纪60年代，欧洲人的工作时间还比美国人多。在本文中，我们认为，欧洲劳动力市场法规，主张工会在下降的欧洲产业谁主张“少工作，工作所有”解释了美国和欧洲之间的大部分差异。这些政策似乎并没有增加就业，但它们可能对休闲模式产生了更广泛的社会影响，因为随着更多的人休更长的假期，休闲的回报会增加。
Americans average 25.1 working hours per person in working age per week, but the Germans average 18.6 hours. The average American works 46.2 weeks per year, while the French average 40 weeks per year. Why do western Europeans work so much less than Americans? Recent work argues that these differences result from higher European tax rates, but the vast empirical labor supply literature suggests that tax rates can explain only a small amount of the differences in hours between the U.S. and Europe. Another popular view is that these differences are explained by long-standing European "culture," but Europeans worked more than Americans as late as the 1960s. In this paper, we argue that European labor market regulations, advocated by unions in declining European industries who argued "work less, work all" explain the bulk of the difference between the U.S. and Europe. These policies do not seem to have increased employment, but they may have had a more society-wide influence on leisure patterns because of a social multiplier where the returns to leisure increase as more people are taking longer vacations.