Modification of Polar Low Development by Orography and Sea Ice

Modification of Polar Low Development by Orography and Sea Ice
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地形和海冰对极地低压发展的修正

DOI:
10.1175/mwr-d-18-0086.1
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.2
通讯作者:
Renfrew I
Renfrew I
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Renfrew I

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强烈的高纬度中尺度气旋和极地低压的生命周期受到其周围环境的强烈影响。本文主要研究了斯瓦尔巴群岛地形和挪威和巴伦支海的海冰覆盖对极地低压发展的影响。我们调查了在北上冷空气爆发期间在斯瓦尔巴群岛附近形成的两个典型的极地低压。每种情况都是使用允许对流的网格间距的Met Office统一模式来模拟的。利用人工改变的陆地掩模、地形和海冰分布进行了一系列敏感性实验。我们发现,斯瓦尔巴群岛阻挡了来自冰盖北冰洋的稳定层化空气,并作为低层气旋涡度的额外来源,帮助极地低层的形成和加强。斯瓦尔巴群岛以西海冰覆盖的减少导致极地低压的适度加强,特别是对于对流驱动较强的情况,而海冰覆盖的增加显著阻碍了极地低压的发展。这些实验表明,东北大西洋的极地中尺度气旋能够经受住地面条件的大扰动(例如斯瓦尔巴群岛的移动),并且仍然发展到足够的强度,被标记为极地低压。然而,斯瓦尔巴群岛的地形和周围的海冰覆盖是很敏感的,这表现在极地低的发生和发展的明显调制上。
The life cycles of intense high-latitude mesoscale cyclones and polar lows are strongly shaped by their ambient environments. This study focuses on the influence of the orography of Svalbard and the sea ice cover in the Norwegian and Barents Seas on polar low development. We investigate two typical polar lows that formed near Svalbard during northerly cold-air outbreaks. Each case is simulated using the Met Office Unified Model with convection-permitting grid spacing. A series of sensitivity experiments is conducted with an artificially changed land mask, orography, and sea ice distribution. We find that Svalbard acts to block stably stratified air from the ice-covered Arctic Ocean, and as an additional source of low-level cyclonic vorticity aiding polar low genesis and intensification. A decrease in sea ice cover west of Svalbard results in a moderate intensification of the polar lows, particularly for the more convectively driven case, while an increase in the sea ice cover significantly hinders their development. These experiments exemplify that polar mesoscale cyclones in the northeast Atlantic can withstand large perturbations in the surface conditions (such as the removal of Svalbard) and still develop to sufficient intensity to be labeled as polar lows. However, there is a sensitivity to Svalbard’s orography and surrounding sea ice cover, illustrated by a clear modulation of polar low genesis and development.
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影响因子: 8.9
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