The extracellular matrix, interstitial fluid and ions as a mechanical signal transducer in articular cartilage
The extracellular matrix, interstitial fluid and ions as a mechanical signal transducer in articular cartilage
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DOI：
10.1053/joca.1998.0161
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Hung, CT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mow, VC;Wang, CC;Hung, CT
目的：(1)概述外植体实验中分析和解释生物学数据所需的生物力学因素；(2)对软骨外植体在加载过程中发生的一些力学电化学事件进行了描述。设计：将对关节软骨的载荷影响进行深入而有争议的讨论。考虑了五种最简单的加载情况：静水压力、渗透压、渗透（压力加载）、侧限压缩和无侧限压缩。讨论了细胞外基质（ECM）如何将这些表面负载转换或转导为压力、流体、溶质和离子流动、变形和电场的细节。结果：特别指出了五种载荷类型在这些数量上的异同。例如，需要注意的是，在实验室中没有实际的机械加载条件可以产生与ECM内渗透压加载相同的效果。还描述了这些加载产生的一些反直觉的影响。此外，强调了流动诱导的ECM压缩的重要性，因为这种摩擦阻力效应可能是流体流过多孔渗透性ECM的主要影响之一。本文还讨论了离子流过ECM固定电荷所产生的流电位与流致压实效应的关系。结论：了解外植体负荷情况的差异是重要的；这将有助于更好地了解外植体加载实验中介导软骨细胞代谢反应的机械电化学事件。
Objective: (1) Provide an overview of the biomechanical factors that are required to analyze and interpret biological data from explant experiments; (2) Present a description of some of the mechano-electrochemical events which occur in cartilage explants during loading.Design: A thorough and provocative discussion on the effects of loading on articular cartilage will be presented. Five simplest loading cases are considered: hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, permeation (pressure loading), confined compression and unconfined compression. Details of how such surface loadings are converted or transduced by the extracellular matrix (ECM) to pressure, fluid, solute and ion flows, deformation and electrical fields are discussed.Results: Similarities and differences in these quantities for the five types of loading are specifically noted. For example, it is noted that there is no practical mechanical loading condition that can be achieved in the laboratory to produce effects that are equal to the effects of osmotic pressure loading within the ECM. Some counter-intuitive effects from these loadings are also described. Further, the significance of flow-induced compression of the ECM is emphasized, since this frictional drag effect is likely to be one of the major effects of fluid flow through the porous-permeable ECM. Streaming potentials arising from the flow of ions past the fixed charges of the ECM are discussed in relation to the flow-induced compaction effect as well.Conclusion: Understanding the differences among these explant loading cases is important; it will help to provide greater insights to the mechano-electrochemical events which mediate metabolic responses of chondrocytes in explant loading experiments.