METHODOLOGY OF RECONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUALIZED EXPOSURE DOSES FOR PERSONS RESIDING AT RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE.
METHODOLOGY OF RECONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUALIZED EXPOSURE DOSES FOR PERSONS RESIDING AT RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE.
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DOI：
10.33145/2304-8336-2018-23-164-187
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Masiuk, S V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ivanova, O M;Kovgan, L M;Masiuk, S V
目的：制定重建切尔诺贝利事故地区放射性污染地区居民个体化暴露剂量的方法。研究材料和方法。该方法基于1986-2013年在乌克兰进行的放射生态（地面、膳食）和剂量（WBC测量）监测数据，其结果保存在NRCRM辐射防护实验室中央生态和剂量登记数据库中。它提出了暴露剂量个体化的四个级别。模型的每个后续级别都基于前一个级别并考虑附加参数，因此下一个级别的模型包含更多数量的暴露情况并提供更准确的估计。使用该方法，有必要选择一个能够以最佳方式解决研究人员面前的任务的模型。对于放射性污染地区的人口，考虑两种主要的暴露方式：(a) 地面放射性核素的外部伽马暴露，以及 (b) 食用放射性污染的膳食造成的内部暴露。剂量根据放射性事故沉积的所有主要放射性核素进行评估，如果 1986 年以后进行内部暴露，则仅使用铯放射性同位素（134Cs 和 137Cs）。结果：个体化对乌克兰切尔诺贝利事故后污染最严重的 10 个州（日托米尔州、基辅州、罗夫诺州和切尔尼戈夫州）中居住的不同年龄组的人口进行了剂量评估。剂量估计值是按特定区域的定居点居民人数加权得出的。其中：1986年剂量、事故发生后前15年（1986-2000年）累积剂量、事故发生后32年（1986-2017年）累积剂量。结论：日托米尔州放射性污染最严重的纳罗迪奇地区成年居民1986年的平均辐射剂量为18 mSv，事故发生后的累积剂量为18 mSv。事故发生后的整个时期为 51 mSv。上述 10 种区域中剂量最低的是居住在切尔尼戈夫州 Kozelets 和 Ripky Raions 地区的人。 1986年他们的平均剂量为1.3和1.7毫希，32年累积剂量分别为6.1和6.2。
OBJECTIVE: Development of methodology for reconstruction of individualized exposure doses for persons residing atradioactively contaminated after Chornobyl accident territories.Materials and methods of research. The methodology is based on the data of radio-ecological (ground, meal) anddosimetric (WBC measurements) monitoring held in Ukraine in 1986-2013, the results of which are saved in databases of Central Ecological and Dosimetric Register of Radiation Protection Laboratory of NRCRM. It is presentedfour levels of individualization of exposure doses. Each subsequent level of the model is based on the previous oneand takes into account additional parameters, and as a result a model of the next level comprises more number ofexposure situations and provides more accurate estimates. Using the methodology it is necessary to select a modelof such level that enables to solve in the best way the assignments posed before a researcher. For the population ofradioactively contaminated territories, two main ways of exposure are considered: (a) external gamma-exposurefrom radionuclides in the ground, and (b) internal exposure from consumption of radioactively contaminated meal.The dose is evaluated from all the main radionuclides of radioactive accident deposition, and in case of internalexposure after 1986 - only from radio-isotopes of cesium (134Cs and 137Cs).RESULTS: Individualized doses are evaluated for different age groups of population residing in 10 raions of the mostcontaminated after Chornobyl accident Oblasts of Ukraine: Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne and Chernihiv Oblasts. Dose esti-mates are presented weighted by the number of residents in settlements of specific raions. Among them are: thedose for 1986, doses accumulated during the first 15 years after the accident (1986-2000), and during the periodof 32 years after the accident (1986-2017).CONCLUSIONS: Average raion dose reconstructed for adult residents of the most radioactively contaminatedNarodychy Raion of Zhytomyr Oblast in 1986 was 18 mSv, and accumulated during the whole period after the acci-dent was 51 mSv. The lowest doses among abovementioned 10 raions were obtained by persons residing at the ter-ritory of Kozelets and Ripky Raions of Chernihiv Oblast. Average dose for them in 1986 constituted 1.3 and 1.7 mSv,and the one accumulated during 32 years was 6.1 and 6.2, respectively.