The acquisition of functional categories in early French second language grammars: the use of finite and non-finite verbs in negative contexts
The acquisition of functional categories in early French second language grammars: the use of finite and non-finite verbs in negative contexts
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早期法语第二语言语法中功能类别的习得：在否定语境中使用有限和非有限动词
DOI：
10.1191/0267658306sr265oa
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Emma Marsden
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Rule;Emma Marsden
本研究以英语为第一语言的青少年学习法语作为第二语言，通过他们对限定动词和非限定动词否定词的发展，探讨了功能范畴在这些学习者语法发展中的地位和性质。通过对受教育者的口语产出任务的分析，它为初始状态和最早的第二语言语法中缺乏功能范畴提供了证据（Vainikka和Young-Scholten，1996; Hawkins，2001）。然而，这项研究的结果也表明，功能类别I（或T）出现得相当快。在这些学习者的语法中，否定和限定动词和非限定动词的发展模式也表明，一旦功能类别被投射，特征值就到位了，因为学习者总是提高动词。学习者确实使用了不定式词根，但这些不定式词根的性质与在母语习得中发现的不同（Pierce，1992; Wexler，1994; 1998），从而支持Wexler对母语习得中的不定式选择的成熟解释。此外，凸起非限定动词的罕见出现表明，根据Prévost和白色（2000 a）的缺失表面屈折假设，表面形态的实现存在问题，而不是语法缺陷（Meisel，1997; Hawkins，2000）。
This cross-sectional study of first language (L1) English adolescents learning French as a second language (L2) uses their development of negatives in relation to finite and non-finite verbs to investigate the status and nature of functional categories in these learners’ emerging grammars. Analysing oral data from elicited production tasks from instructed learners, it provides evidence for a lack of functional categories in the Initial State and the earliest L2 grammars (Vainikka and Young-Scholten, 1996; Hawkins, 2001). However, the results from the study also indicate that the functional category I (or T) then emerges reasonably rapidly. The pattern of development of negation and finite and non-finite verbs in these learners’ grammars also suggests that feature values are in place for the functional categories once they are projected, as learners consistently raise the verb. The learners do use root infinitives but the properties of these root infinitives differ to those found in L1 acquisition (Pierce, 1992; Wexler, 1994; 1998), thus supporting Wexler’s maturational account of Optional Infinitives in L1 acquisition. Additionally, the rare occurrence of raised non-finite verbs would indicate that there is a problem with the realization of surface morphology in accordance with the Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis of Prévost and White (2000a) rather than an impairment in the grammar (Meisel, 1997; Hawkins, 2000).