Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment.
Exosome-Based Cell-Cell Communication in the Tumor Microenvironment.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2018.00018
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Costa-Silva B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maia J;Caja S;Strano Moraes MC;Couto N;Costa-Silva B
肿瘤不是孤立的实体，而是涉及转化细胞和非转化细胞之间的细胞间通讯的复杂系统网络。由肿瘤相关细胞创造的环境可以支持或阻止肿瘤进展。除了细胞-细胞接触之外，细胞通过分泌因子经由高度复杂的系统进行通信，所述系统涉及诸如配体浓度、受体表达和多种信号传导途径的整合的特征。其中，细胞外囊泡，如外来体，正在成为生理和病理情况下的新型细胞-细胞通讯介质。外泌体是由所有细胞（健康和患病）释放的内吞来源的膜囊泡，大小范围为30至150 nm，转运所有主要生物分子，包括脂质、蛋白质、DNA、信使RNA和微小RNA，并进行局部和全身的组分细胞间转移。通过不仅作用于肿瘤细胞，而且作用于肿瘤相关细胞如成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、白细胞和祖细胞，肿瘤和非肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体已经成为肿瘤生长和侵袭、肿瘤相关血管生成、组织炎症和免疫重塑中的新参与者。此外，由于它们将分子从其来源细胞携带到外周循环的特性，外泌体作为液体活检中的肿瘤生物标志物的来源已经被越来越多地研究。在这里，我们回顾了目前的文献外泌体参与肿瘤和肿瘤相关细胞之间的通信，突出了这个过程中的作用，调节肿瘤的发生和转移的肿瘤微环境的设置。
Tumors are not isolated entities, but complex systemic networks involving cell-cell communication between transformed and non-transformed cells. The milieu created by tumor-associated cells may either support or halt tumor progression. In addition to cell-cell contact, cells communicate through secreted factors via a highly complex system involving characteristics such as ligand concentration, receptor expression and integration of diverse signaling pathways. Of these, extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are emerging as novel cell-cell communication mediators in physiological and pathological scenarios. Exosomes, membrane vesicles of endocytic origin released by all cells (both healthy and diseased), ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm, transport all the main biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, DNAs, messenger RNAs and microRNA, and perform intercellular transfer of components, locally and systemically. By acting not only in tumor cells, but also in tumor-associated cells such as fibroblasts, endothelium, leukocytes and progenitor cells, tumor- and non-tumor cells-derived exosomes have emerged as new players in tumor growth and invasion, tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue inflammation and immunologic remodeling. In addition, due to their property of carrying molecules from their cell of origin to the peripheral circulation, exosomes have been increasingly studied as sources of tumor biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Here we review the current literature on the participation of exosomes in the communication between tumor and tumor-associated cells, highlighting the role of this process in the setup of tumor microenvironments that modulate tumor initiation and metastasis.