Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Fear Conditioning, and The Uncinate Fasciculus: A Pilot Study.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, Fear Conditioning, and The Uncinate Fasciculus: A Pilot Study.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00124
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Milad MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hölzel BK;Brunsch V;Gard T;Greve DN;Koch K;Sorg C;Lazar SW;Milad MR
正念被认为会影响情绪学习，但对这些过程的研究很少。经典的恐惧条件反射/消退/消退保持范式是一种众所周知的评估情绪学习的方法。本研究测试了正念训练对恐惧条件反射和消退记忆的影响，并进一步研究了白色物质纤维束的变化是否支持这种变化。在情绪学习的背景下，钩束（cucinate fasciculus）特别令人感兴趣。在这项初步研究中，46名健康参与者被准随机分配到基于正念的压力减轻（MBSR，N = 23）或候补对照组（N = 23），并在课程或对照期之前和之后接受为期两天的恐惧条件反射，消退学习和消退记忆协议。皮肤电导反应（SCR）数据用于测量条件反射和消退记忆阶段的生理反应。扩散张量成像（DTI）数据与概率纤维束成像进行了分析，并分析了分数各向异性的变化，在小脑延髓。在条件反射过程中，参与者能够在MBSR课程后对条件刺激和非条件刺激保持不同的反应（即，更高的敏感性条件刺激），而控制下降的反应。由于基线差异，灭绝记忆结果不可解释。正念减压疗法参与者的大脑皮层各向异性分数显著增加，而对照组则没有（组与时间的相互作用错过了显著性）。前后的变化与条件刺激反应的变化相关。研究结果表明，正念练习对维持情绪反应的敏感性的影响，并表明潜在的神经可塑性。（ClinicalTrials.gov，标识符NCT 01320969，https：//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT 01320969）。
Mindfulness has been suggested to impact emotional learning, but research on these processes is scarce. The classical fear conditioning/extinction/extinction retention paradigm is a well-known method for assessing emotional learning. The present study tested the impact of mindfulness training on fear conditioning and extinction memory and further investigated whether changes in white matter fiber tracts might support such changes. The uncinate fasciculus (UNC) was of particular interest in the context of emotional learning. In this pilot study, 46 healthy participants were quasi-randomized to a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR, N = 23) or waitlist control (N = 23) group and underwent a two-day fear conditioning, extinction learning, and extinction memory protocol before and after the course or control period. Skin conductance response (SCR) data served to measure the physiological response during conditioning and extinction memory phases. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were analyzed with probabilistic tractography and analyzed for changes of fractional anisotropy in the UNC. During conditioning, participants were able to maintain a differential response to conditioned vs. not conditioned stimuli following the MBSR course (i.e., higher sensitivity to the conditioned stimuli), while controls dropped the response. Extinction memory results were not interpretable due to baseline differences. MBSR participants showed a significant increase in fractional anisotropy in the UNC, while controls did not (group by time interaction missed significance). Pre-post changes in UNC were correlated with changes in the response to the conditioned stimuli. The findings suggest effects of mindfulness practice on the maintenance of sensitivity of emotional responses and suggest underlying neural plasticity. (ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT01320969, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01320969).