Simple Eyes, Extraocular Photoreceptors and Opsins in the American Horseshoe Crab
Simple Eyes, Extraocular Photoreceptors and Opsins in the American Horseshoe Crab
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icw093
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Battelle, Barbara-Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Battelle, Barbara-Anne
自20世纪30年代以来，人们一直在研究美洲鲎（Limulus polyphemus）的眼睛和光感受器，这项工作对于理解视觉的基本机制至关重要。鲎的吸引力之一是它有三种不同类型的眼睛，一对后来的复合，成像眼睛和两种类型的单眼，一对中单眼和三对幼虫眼睛。每种眼睛类型都易于实验。鲎的节段神经节和尾部也有眼外光感受器。目前的贡献集中在光感受器在鲎幼虫的眼睛和ocelli和眼外光感受器的目的是总结什么是目前已知的，不知道他们的生理和功能，他们表达的视蛋白。鲎基因组编码了数量惊人的视蛋白（18），并且对其表达模式的研究提出了关于视蛋白共表达的作用，眼睛外表达的peropsin的功能以及具有明显非常低表达水平的视蛋白的生理相关性的新问题。对鲎视蛋白表达的研究使人们怀疑尚未发现的光感受器是否存在于整个中枢神经系统中。
The eyes and photoreceptors of the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus have been studied since the 1930s, and this work has been critical for understanding basic mechanisms of vision. One of the attractions of Limulus as a preparation for studies of vision is that it has three different types of eyes-a pair of later compound, image-forming eyes and two types of simple eyes, a pair of median ocelli, and three pair of larval eyes. Each eye type is tractable for experimentation. Limulus also has extraocular photoreceptors in its segmental ganglia and tail. The current contribution focuses on photoreceptors in Limulus larval eyes and ocelli and its extraocular photoreceptors with the goal of summarizing what is currently known and not known about their physiology and function and the opsins they express. The Limulus genome encodes a surprisingly large number of opsins (18), and studies of their expression pattern have raised new questions about the role of opsin co-expression, the functions of peropsins expressed outside of eyes, and the physiological relevance of opsins with apparently very low expression levels. Studies of opsin expression in Limulus lead one to wonder whether photoreceptors yet to be discovered might be present throughout its central nervous system.