Phylogenetic patterns of trait and trait plasticity evolution: Insights from tadpoles.
Phylogenetic patterns of trait and trait plasticity evolution: Insights from tadpoles.
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性状和性状可塑性进化的系统发育模式：来自蝌蚪的见解。
DOI：
10.1111/evo.14338
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hammond,JohnI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Relyea,RickA;Stephens,PatrickR;Hammond,JohnI
环境的异质性导致了表型可塑性在所有分类群中的广泛进化。虽然表型可塑性已经从多个角度进行了研究，很少有研究探讨了可塑性的进化模式在一个基因组。我们对20种蝌蚪进行了普通花园实验，跨越三个家族，暴露于对照、捕食者线索或减少的食物（即，种内竞争加剧）。我们量化了蝌蚪的活动，生长和相对形态，并发现物种对捕食者线索和减少食物的反应存在广泛差异。我们检测到普遍的系统发育信号在每个环境中的性状，但系统发育信号是不太常见的性状可塑性。在不同的模型的连续字符的演变，布朗运动和奥恩斯坦乌伦贝克模型提供了更好的拟合数据比早期爆发模型。在捕食环境中的蝌蚪活动水平有更高的进化速率比在控制和减少食物的环境，我们没有看到这种模式的其他性状。在比较性状与性状可塑性时，活性的进化比活性的可塑性快得多，而形态性状的进化比形态可塑性慢得多。总的来说，这些结果表明，性状和性状可塑性可以表现出显着不同的进化模式。
Environmental heterogeneity has led to the widespread evolution of phenotypic plasticity in all taxonomic groups. Although phenotypic plasticity has been examined from multiple perspectives, few studies have examined evolutionary patterns of plasticity within a phylogeny. We conducted common-garden experiments on 20 species of tadpoles, spanning three families, exposed for 4 weeks to a control, predator cues, or reduced food (i.e., increased intraspecific competition). We quantified tadpole activity, growth, and relative morphology and found widespread differences in species responses to predator cues and reduced food. We detected pervasive phylogenetic signals in traits within each environment, but the phylogenetic signal was much less common in the trait plasticities. Among different models of continuous character evolution, Brownian Motion and Ornstein Uhlenbeck models provided better fits to the data than the Early Burst model. Tadpole activity level in predator environments had much higher evolutionary rates than in the control and reduced-food environments; we did not see this pattern in the other traits. In comparing traits versus trait plasticities, activity evolved much faster than the plasticity of activity whereas morphological traits evolved much slower than morphological plasticities. Collectively, these results suggest that traits and trait plasticities can exhibit dramatically different evolutionary patterns.