Interspecific competition in natural plant communities: mechanisms, trade-offs and plant-soil feedbacks
Interspecific competition in natural plant communities: mechanisms, trade-offs and plant-soil feedbacks
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DOI：
10.1093/jexbot/50.330.29
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Aerts, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aerts, R
在自然植物群落中，种间竞争高度依赖于养分的有效性。在高水平的养分供应，竞争主要是为了光，因为光是一个单向的资源，高营养的栖息地占主导地位的快速增长的多年生植物与高大的身材和叶面积的垂直分布相当均匀。此外，这些物种具有高周转率的叶和根和高形态可塑性在叶分化。然而，对于营养不良环境中种间竞争的重要性和强度，人们的共识较少。认为在营养贫乏的生境中，选择不一定是基于对营养的高竞争能力和高生长速率，而是基于减少营养损失的性状（低组织营养浓度、低组织周转速率、高营养再吸收效率），由于进化的权衡，植物不能最大化生长速率和营养保留。因此，来自营养贫乏生境的物种的低增长率应被视为营养保留的结果，而不是直接选择发生的一个特征。来自营养贫乏和营养丰富生境的物种的对比特征使它们相互排斥于彼此的生境。此外，这些特征对凋落物的可分解性，从而也对养分循环产生严重后果。这导致在营养贫乏和营养丰富的生境中，植物物种优势和营养供应之间的正反馈，从而促进生态系统的稳定。
Interspecific competition in natural plant communities is highly dependent on nutrient availability. At high levels of nutrient availability, competition is mainly for light, As light is a unidirectional resource, high-nutrient habitats are dominated by fast-growing perennials with a tall stature and a rather uniform vertical distribution of leaf area. Moreover, these species have high turnover rates of leaves and roots and a high morphological plasticity during the differentiation of leaves. There is less consensus, however, about the importance and intensity of interspecific competition in nutrient-poor environments. It is argued that selection in nutrient-poor habitats is not necessarily on a high competitive ability for nutrients and a high growth rate, but rather on traits which reduce nutrient losses (low tissue nutrient concentrations, slow tissue turnover rates, high nutrient resorption efficiency), Due to evolutionary trade-offs plants can not maximize both growth rate and nutrient retention. Thus, the low growth rate of species from nutrient-poor habitats should be considered as the consequence of nutrient retention rather than as a feature on which direct selection takes place. The contrasting traits of species from nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich habitats mutually exclude them from each others' habitats. Moreover, these traits have severe consequences for litter decomposability and thereby also for nutrient cycling. This leads both in nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich habitats to a positive feedback between plant species dominance and nutrient availability, thereby promoting ecosystem stability.