Kinetics of aqueous chlorination of some pharmaceuticals and their elimination from water matrices
Kinetics of aqueous chlorination of some pharmaceuticals and their elimination from water matrices
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.012
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Roldan, Gloria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acero, Juan L.;Javier Benitez, F.;Roldan, Gloria
四种药物化合物反应的表观速率常数在超纯水（UP）中测定了阿莫西林（美托洛尔、萘普生、阿莫西林和非那西丁）与氯的反应作为pH值的函数。（在整个pH范围3-12），和Na 2CO 3（在低pH范围2-4）呈现出高反应速率，而NaCl_2非那西丁和美托洛尔（非那西丁的pH范围为2.5-12，美托洛尔的pH范围为3-10）遵循中等和缓慢的反应速率。提出了一种机制的氯化反应，这使得评价的内在速率常数的基本反应的离子化和非离子化的物种的每一个选定的药物与氯。实验和计算的速率常数之间得到一个很好的协议，通过这种mechanism.The消除这些物质在几个沃茨（地下水，地表水从公共水库，和两个城市污水处理厂的流出物）也进行了研究，在中性pH值。的氯化过程中的药物消除和形成THMs的效率也建立。通常观察到，水基质中有机和无机物质的存在增加需要更多的氧化剂（氯），因此，可用于氧化这些化合物的氯较少。最后，还评估了去除99%的四种药物所需的半衰期和氧化剂暴露（CT）。这些参数是有用的，在处理厂的药物的氧化或消毒阶段的安全氯剂量的建立。(C)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Apparent rate constants for the reactions of four selected pharmaceutical compounds (metoprolol, naproxen, amoxicillin, and phenacetin) with chlorine in ultra-pure (UP) water were determined as a function of the pH. It was found that amoxicillin (in the whole pH range 3-12), and naproxen (in the low pH range 2-4) presented high reaction rates, while naproxen (in the pH range 5-9), and phenacetin and metoprolol (in the pH range 2.5-12 for phenacetin, and 3-10 for metoprolol) followed intermediate and slow reaction rates. A mechanism is proposed for the chlorination reaction, which allowed the evaluation of the intrinsic rate constants for the elementary reactions of the ionized and un-ionized species of each selected pharmaceutical with chlorine. An excellent agreement is obtained between experimental and calculated rate constants by this mechanism.The elimination of these substances in several waters (a groundwater, a surface water from a public reservoir, and two effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants) was also investigated at neutral pH. The efficiency of the chlorination process with respect to the pharmaceuticals elimination and the formation THMs was also established. It is generally observed that the increasing presence of organic and inorganic matter in the water matrices demand more oxidant agent (chlorine), and therefore, less chlorine is available for the oxidation of these compounds. Finally, half-life times and oxidant exposures (CT) required for the removal of 99% of the four pharmaceuticals are also evaluated. These parameters are useful for the establishment of safety chlorine doses in oxidation or disinfection stages of pharmaceuticals in treatment plants. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.