Distinct descending motor cortex pathways and their roles in movement
Distinct descending motor cortex pathways and their roles in movement
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-018-0642-9
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Svoboda, Karel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Economo, Michael N.;Viswanathan, Sarada;Svoboda, Karel
运动皮层的活动在运动开始前几秒就可以预测运动。这种准备活动已在整个皮质层中观察到，包括在第 5 层的下降锥体束神经元中。一个关键问题是如何在不引起运动的情况下维持准备活动，并最终转换为运动命令以触发适当的运动。在这里，利用单细胞转录分析和轴突重建，我们识别了两种类型的锥体束神经元。两种类型都投射到基底神经节和脑干的多个目标。一种类型投射到连接回运动皮层的丘脑区域；这些神经元群体产生了早期的准备活动，这种活动一直持续到运动开始为止。第二种类型投射到延髓的运动中心，主要产生后期的准备活动和运动指令。这些结果表明两种类型的运动皮层输出神经元在运动控制中具有特殊的作用。
Activity in the motor cortex predicts movements, seconds before they are initiated. This preparatory activity has been observed across cortical layers, including in descending pyramidal tract neurons in layer 5. A key question is how preparatory activity is maintained without causing movement, and is ultimately converted to a motor command to trigger appropriate movements. Here, using single-cell transcriptional profiling and axonal reconstructions, we identify two types of pyramidal tract neuron. Both types project to several targets in the basal ganglia and brainstem. One type projects to thalamic regions that connect back to motor cortex; populations of these neurons produced early preparatory activity that persisted until the movement was initiated. The second type projects to motor centres in the medulla and mainly produced late preparatory activity and motor commands. These results indicate that two types of motor cortex output neurons have specialized roles in motor control.