Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in water and air I. Occurrence and fate
Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in water and air I. Occurrence and fate
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.trac.2008.07.002
复制
发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
13.1
通讯作者：
Rodriguez, Isaac
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reemtsma, Thorsten;Benito Quintana, Jose;Rodriguez, Isaac
有机磷酸酯 (OPE)，特别是三酯，是一种高产量化学品，用作阻燃剂和增塑剂，以保护或增强塑料、纺织品、家具和许多其他材料的性能。由于禁止使用溴化二苯醚作为阻燃剂，其广泛使用甚至可能会增加，并且从主体材料中扩散导致 OPE 持续释放并通过水（特别是废水）和空气（特别是与空气中的颗粒物相关）分布。这项工作重点关注废水、地表水和地下水以及室内外空气和颗粒物质中 OPE 的存在。我们讨论了影响 OPE 在环境中归宿的主要过程，例如吸附、挥发和生物降解。迄今为止研究的OPE中，氯化三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)和三(氯丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)似乎是最顽固的并且在水和空气中普遍存在。我们确定了有关二酯和单酯在水环境中的命运、OPE 在不太有利的条件下（吸附在颗粒上或在缺氧或厌氧条件下）的生物降解以及 OPE 在大气中的行为及其远距离迁移潜力的知识差距。第二部分将在下一期发表 [J.B. Quintana、R. Rodil、T. Reemtsma、M. Garcia-Lopez、I. Rodriguez，趋势分析。化学。 （将于27（10）（2008）发布）]。 (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), in particular triesters, are high-production-volume chemicals used as flame retardants and plasticizers to protect or to enhance the properties of plastics, textiles, furniture and many other materials. The widespread usage, which may even increase due to the ban of brominated diphenylethers as flame retardants, and the diffusion from host materials result in continuous release of OPEs and their distribution through water, especially wastewater, and air, particularly associated with airborne particulate matter. This work highlights the occurrence of OPEs in wastewater, surface water and groundwater as well as indoor and outdoor air and particulate material.We discuss the major processes affecting the fate of OPEs in the environment, such as sorption, volatilization and biodegradation. Of the OPEs studied thus far, chlorinated tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tri(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) appear to be most recalcitrant and ubiquitous in water and air. We identified knowledge gaps concerning the fate of diesters and monoesters in the aqueous environment, the biodegradation of OPEs under less favorable conditions (sorbed to particles or under anoxic or anaerobic conditions) as well as the behavior of OPEs in the atmosphere and their potential for long-range transport.A second part, addressing analytical methods will published in the next issue [J.B. Quintana, R. Rodil, T. Reemtsma, M. Garcia-Lopez, I. Rodriguez, Trends Anal. Chem. (to be published in 27 (10) (2008))]. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.