Autoimmune thyroiditis: predisposition and pathogenesis
Autoimmune thyroiditis: predisposition and pathogenesis
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2265.1992.tb01453.x
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发表时间：
1992-04
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
A. P. Weetman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. P. Weetman
自身免疫性甲状腺疾病很常见，影响约 1% 的人口，而约 15% 甲状腺功能正常的其他健康受试者中可发现亚临床局灶性甲状腺炎和/或循环甲状腺自身抗体。这种频率，结合历史先例、针对靶器官的准备和完善的动物模型，已经导致了大量的研究工作，旨在了解甲状腺自身免疫的起始和发病机制，通常希望所吸取的教训可以适用于更严重但不易获得的自身免疫性疾病。在这篇综述中，我将总结自身免疫性甲状腺功能减退症（桥本甲状腺炎和原发性粘液性水肿）的最新进展，仅涉及从实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎（EAT）和其他动物模型中获得的重要见解，详见其他地方（Weetman，1991）。类似的自身免疫过程也发生在格雷夫斯病中，其独特之处在于存在甲状腺刺激抗体。这些和其他类型的 TSH 受体抗体将在单独的综述中讨论（Munro，1992），因此这里不再进一步考虑。
Autoimmune thyroid disease is common, affecting approximately 1 % of the population while subclinical, focal thyroiditis and/or circulating thyroid autoantibodies can be found in about 15% of otherwise healthy subjects who are euthyroid. This frequency, combined with historical precedence, ready h e s s to the target organ and well established animal models, has led to a considerable research effort aimed at understanding the initiation and pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmunity, often with the hope that the lessons learned may be applicable to more serious but less accessible autoimmune diseases. In this review, I shall summarize recent developments in autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and primary myxoedema), only touching on the important insights gained from experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) and other animal models, detailed elsewhere (Weetman, 1991). Similar autoimmune processes occur in Graves’ disease, which is uniquely distinguished by the presence of thyroid stimulating antibodies. These and other types of TSH receptor antibody are discussed in a separate review (Munro, 1992) and therefore will not be considered further here.