Unusualness and threat as possible causes of "weapon focus".
Unusualness and threat as possible causes of "weapon focus".
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异常和威胁可能是“武器焦点”的原因。
作者：
K. Pickel
在两个探索“武器聚焦”效应可能原因的实验中，大学生观看了描述商业机构互动的录像带。目标人物要么是空手，要么是持有不同的物体，这些物体的威胁性和不寻常性各不相同。目击者试图描述目标的特征和衣着，确定他持有的物品（如果有的话），并在一排照片中确定他的身份。目击者描述的准确性受到异常性的影响，但不受威胁的影响。识别准确性没有不同的条件。目击者很难记住低威胁，非不寻常的对象;许多人未能识别它（实验1）或报告没有看到任何对象（实验2）。这两个实验的结果表明，武器的重点，当它发生时，可能会这样做，因为武器是意想不到的。
In two experiments exploring possible causes of the "weapon focus" effect, undergraduates viewed videotapes depicting interactions in business establishments. The target character was either empty-handed or held different objects that varied in both threat and unusualness. Witnesses attempted to describe the target's features and clothing, identify the object held by him (if any), and identify him in a photo line-up. The accuracy of witnesses' descriptions was affected by unusualness but not threat. Identification accuracy did not differ by condition. Witnesses had difficulty remembering the low-threat, non-unusual object; many either failed to identify it (Experiment 1) or reported seeing no object (Experiment 2). The results of both experiments imply that weapon focus, when it occurs, may do so because weapons are unexpected.