Slow recovery of Barataria Bay dolphin health following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2013-2014), with evidence of persistent lung disease and impaired stress response
Slow recovery of Barataria Bay dolphin health following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2013-2014), with evidence of persistent lung disease and impaired stress response
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DOI：
10.3354/esr00778
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Schwacke, Lori H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Cynthia R.;Rowles, Teresa K.;Schwacke, Lori H.
2010年深水地平线(DWH)灾难导致墨西哥湾北部发生大规模石油污染。作为旨在调查DWH石油泄漏潜在影响的自然资源损害评估的一部分，对生活在油污海湾(路易斯安那州Barataria Bay[BB]和密西西比湾[MS]，密西西比州/阿拉巴马州)和一个没有DWH石油污染证据的参照湾(Sarasota Bay[SB]，佛罗里达州)的宽吻海豚Tursioptruncatus进行了全面的健康评估。正如之前报告的那样，在2011年期间，BB海豚被发现存在多种健康问题。在本研究中，对BB海豚进行了后续的捕获-释放健康评估(2013、2014)，表明种群健康总体上有所改善，但表明在DWH灾难发生后，肺部异常和应激反应受损至少持续了4年。具体地说，中度到严重的肺部疾病仍然居高不下，BB海豚在捕获压力下继续释放低水平的皮质醇。随着时间的推移，BB中被保护或预后更差的比例有所改善，但在泄漏后4年，它们仍然高于SB的比例。2013年在MS进行的健康评估结果与BB相似，其特征是低血清皮质醇和中度至重度肺部疾病的患病率上升。2013年在MS中检查的海豚的预后评分与2013年的BB相似。这些后续研究的数据证实，生活在受DWH泄漏影响地区的海豚更有可能患病；然而，随着时间的推移，种群健康有所改善。
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster resulted in large-scale oil contamination of the northern Gulf of Mexico. As part of the Natural Resource Damage Assessment designed to investigate the potential impacts of the DWH oil spill, comprehensive health assessments were conducted on bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus living in oiled bays (Barataria Bay [BB], Louisiana, and Mississippi Sound [MS], Mississippi/Alabama) and a reference bay with no evidence of DWH oil contamination (Sarasota Bay [SB], Florida). As previously reported, multiple health issues were detected in BB dolphins during 2011. In the present study, follow-on capture-release health assessments of BB dolphins were performed (2013, 2014) and indicated an overall improvement in population health, but demonstrated that pulmonary abnormalities and impaired stress response persisted for at least 4 yr after the DWH disaster. Specifically, moderate to severe lung disease remained elevated, and BB dolphins continued to release low levels of cortisol in the face of capture stress. The proportion of guarded or worse prognoses in BB improved over time, but 4 yr post-spill, they were still above the proportion seen in SB. Health assessments performed in MS in 2013 showed similar findings to BB, characterized by an elevated prevalence of low serum cortisol and moderate to severe lung disease. Prognosis scores for dolphins examined in MS in 2013 were similar to BB in 2013. Data from these follow-on studies confirmed that dolphins living in areas affected by the DWH spill were more likely to be ill; however, some improvement in population health has occurred over time.