A high-efficiency, low-bias method for extracting particulate matter from filter and impactor substrates
A high-efficiency, low-bias method for extracting particulate matter from filter and impactor substrates
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.042
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wexler, A. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bein, K. J.;Wexler, A. S.
大气颗粒物经常被收集到过滤器和撞击器基底上，用于与环境颗粒物（PM）的组成、健康影响和气候影响相关的研究。这些研究中有许多需要从基质中提取PM，但现有方法的提取效率较低，可能导致成分偏差，从而导致毒性偏差。这里，提出了新颖的PM提取方法，其（a）最大化提取效率，（B）最小化提取的PM中相对于采样的PM的组成偏差，以及（c）最小化提取伪影。方法的发展是基于现有的标准操作规程的优点和缺点，以及目前在气溶胶健康影响研究领域的要求。使用不同极性溶剂中的超声处理、选择性过滤、水基浸提液的液液浸提、溶剂去除和总浸提PM的最终复溶组合实现浸提目标。在很大程度上依赖于密集的重量分析和与现有SOP的比较，新技术已经在加利福尼亚州弗雷斯诺的两个不同季节收集的近40个不同大小的隔离，以来源为导向的样品上得到了充分验证。与现有的方法相比，并取决于源，10-40%和20-50%的提取效率的组成特定的增加，分别获得了超细和亚微米细PM级分，表明显着增加总提取效率和显着减少的组成偏差。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Atmospheric particles are frequently collected onto filter and impactor substrates for studies related to the composition, health effects and climate impact of ambient particulate matter (PM). Many of these studies require extraction of that PM from the substrates but available methods have low extraction efficiencies that may lead to compositional and thus toxicity bias. Here, novel PM extraction methods are presented that (a) maximize extraction efficiency, (b) minimize compositional biases in extracted PM, relative to sampled PM and (c) minimize extraction artifacts. Method development was based upon strengths and weaknesses of existing SOPs and current requirements in the field of aerosol health effects research. Extraction objectives were accomplished using a combination of sonication in solvents of varying polarity, selective filtration, liquid liquid extraction of water-based extracts, solvent removal and final reconstitution of the total extracted PM. Relying largely on intensive gravimetric analyses and comparison to existing SOPs, the new technique has been fully validated on nearly 40 different size-segregated, source-oriented samples collected during two separate seasons in Fresno, CA. Compared to existing methods, and depending on the source, compositionally-specific increases in extraction efficiencies of 10-40% and 20-50% were obtained for the ultrafine and submicron fine PM fractions, respectively, indicating significant increases in total extraction efficiency and significant decreases in compositional bias. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.