The tropics as an ancient cradle of oribatid mite diversity

The tropics as an ancient cradle of oribatid mite diversity
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热带地区是甲螨多样性的古老摇篮

DOI:
10.1051/acarologia/20164148
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
1.1
通讯作者:
Maraun M
Maraun M
中科院分区:
农林科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pachl P;Lindl AC;Krause A;Scheu S;Schaefer I;Maraun M

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大多数动植物类群的多样性向赤道方向增加。造成这种模式的原因是多方面的,但它们的相对重要性是有争议的。需要了解动物类群的辐射才能揭示生物多样性纬度梯度的潜在机制。热带地区的物种可能进化得更快,这表明热带地区是多样性的摇篮,或者与高纬度生物群落相比,它们在热带地区生存的时间可能更长,这表明热带地区是多样性博物馆的功能。我们使用 oribatid 螨作为模型组来研究这种主要生活在土壤中的分类群的高物种数量是否可以用摇篮假说或博物馆假说来解释。我们分析了热带和温带森林生态系统中的甲螨群落,对常见物种的 18S 和部分 28S rDNA 进行了测序,并使用贝叶斯推理和最大似然算法构建了系统发育树。然后,我们将物种的分布(热带、温带、世界性)绘制到系统发育树上。大多数热带甲螨类群形成末端分支,表明热带地区甲螨的高度多样性是由于近期辐射所致,支持了热带是甲螨多样性摇篮的假设。此外,结果表明,大多数早期衍生的甲螨类群是世界性的,这表明它们是在一个巨大的古代大陆上进化的。总的来说,我们的结果支持这样的观点,即甲螨是一个非常古老的分类群,在热带地区集中辐射,但它们的起源早于今天热带地区的存在。
Diversity of most animal and plant taxa increases towards the equator. The reasons for this pattern are manifold, but their relative importance is controversial. Understanding of the radiation of animal taxa is needed to uncover the mechanisms underlying latitudinal gradients in biodiversity. Species may have evolved more quickly in tropical regions, suggesting that the tropics function as cradle of diversity, or they may have survived in the tropics for longer periods of time as compared to higher latitude biomes, suggesting that the tropics function as museum of diversity. We used oribatid mites as a model group to investigate if the high species number of this mainly soil-living taxon can be explained by the cradle or museum hypothesis. We analyzed oribatid mite communities in tropical and temperate forest ecosystems, sequenced 18S and part of the 28S rDNA of common species, and constructed phylogenetic trees using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood algorithms. Then, we mapped the distribution of species (tropical, temperate, cosmopolitan) onto the phylogenetic tree. Most tropical oribatid mite taxa formed terminal branches indicating that the high diversity of oribatid mites in tropical regions is due to recent radiation, supporting the hypothesis that the tropics function as cradle of oribatid mite diversity. Further, the results suggest that most early-derivative oribatid mite taxa are cosmopolitan indicating that they evolved on a large ancient continent. Overall, our results support the view that oribatid mites are a very old taxon which radiated intensively in tropical regions, but their origin predates the existence of the tropical regions of today.
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