A framework for mapping small-scale coastal fisheries using fishers' knowledge
A framework for mapping small-scale coastal fisheries using fishers' knowledge
复制标题
利用渔民知识绘制小规模沿海渔业图的框架
DOI：
10.1093/icesjms/fst204
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Chery Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Léopold;N. Guillemot;D. Rocklin;Chery Chen
收集渔业捕捞量和努力量的空间信息对于了解被开发种群动态的空间过程和管理分布不均的资源和利用是必不可少的。通过地理信息系统利用渔民的知识日益被认为是关于沿海小规模渔业的当地信息的一个有希望的来源。在本文中，我们描述了第一个框架，用于绘制整个小规模沿海渔业利用渔民的知识捕获大小和捕捞努力。在新喀里多尼亚（西南太平洋）以无脊椎动物或鱼类为目标的四种红树林和珊瑚礁渔业按照五步框架绘制了地图：(i)对常规渔民进行分层随机抽样；（ii）透过以地图为基础的访谈，收集渔民对捕鱼区、渔获量和渔获量的知识；（iii）将数据整合至空间地理数据库；（iv）对渔业规模进行渔民数据的统计外推；(v)利用GIS覆盖程序绘制每个渔场的渔获量、渔获量和单位渔获量（CPUE）。我们发现有证据表明，渔民的知识为整个渔业提供了关于捕捞量、捕捞努力和CPUE的精确定量和空间信息。渔业地图根据目标分类群、渔具类型和母港以各种方式捕捉了渔业活动的精细空间分布。应用包括基于区域的海洋保护规划和渔业监测、管理和治理。这一综合框架可推广到大量缺乏数据的沿海和内陆小规模渔业。
Collecting spatial information on fisheries catch and effort is essential to understanding the spatial processes of exploited population dynamics and to manage heterogeneously distributed resources and uses. The use of fishers' knowledge through geographical information systems (GISs) is increasingly considered as a promising source of local information on small-scale coastal fisheries. In this paper we describe the first framework for mapping entire small-scale coastal fisheries using fishers' knowledge on catch size and fishing effort. Four mangrove and coral reef fisheries targeting invertebrates or finfish in New Caledonia (southwest Pacific) were mapped following a five-step framework: (i) stratified random sampling of regular fishers; (ii) collection of fishers' knowledge of fishing areas, fishing effort, and catch size through map-based interviews; (iii) data integration into a spatial geodatabase; (iv) statistical extrapolation of fisher data to the fishery scale; and (v) mapping of catch, effort, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) for each fishery using a GIS overlay procedure. We found evidence that fishers' knowledge supplied precise and accurate quantitative and spatial information on catch size, fishing effort and CPUE for entire fisheries. Fisheries maps captured the fine-scale spatial distribution of fishing activities in a variety of ways according to target taxa, gear type, and home ports. Applications include area-based marine conservation planning and fishery monitoring, management, and governance. This integrated framework can be generalized to a large range of data-poor coastal and inland small-scale fisheries.