Emergence of healing in the Antarctic ozone layer
Emergence of healing in the Antarctic ozone layer
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DOI：
10.1126/science.aae0061
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发表时间：
2016-07-15
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Anja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Solomon, Susan;Ivy, Diane J.;Schmidt, Anja
根据《蒙特利尔议定书》，导致臭氧消耗的工业氯氟烃已被逐步淘汰。由于这一历史性的协议，预计极地臭氧将以化学方式增加（或“愈合”）。观测和模式计算一起表明，南极臭氧层的愈合现在已在9月份开始发生。自2000年以来，9月愈合的指纹包括：(1)臭氧柱数量增加，(2)臭氧浓度垂直分布的变化，以及(3)臭氧空洞面积范围的缩小。除了化学反应，动力和温度的变化也有助于愈合，但也可能是化学反应的反馈。火山爆发偶尔会干扰愈合，特别是在2015年，卡尔布科火山爆发后出现了创纪录的10月臭氧空洞。
Industrial chlorofluorocarbons that cause ozone depletion have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol. A chemically driven increase in polar ozone (or "healing") is expected in response to this historic agreement. Observations and model calculations together indicate that healing of the Antarctic ozone layer has now begun to occur during the month of September. Fingerprints of September healing since 2000 include (i) increases in ozone column amounts, (ii) changes in the vertical profile of ozone concentration, and (iii) decreases in the areal extent of the ozone hole. Along with chemistry, dynamical and temperature changes have contributed to the healing but could represent feedbacks to chemistry. Volcanic eruptions have episodically interfered with healing, particularly during 2015, when a record October ozone hole occurred after the Calbuco eruption.