Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: a review.
Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: a review.
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DOI：
10.14202/ijoh.2016.29-34
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bamaiyi, P. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bamaiyi, P. H.
布鲁杆菌病是世界范围内最常见的人畜共患病，每年有50万人新发病例，数百万动物感染。这种感染主要是由人类通过食用未经巴氏消毒的牛奶和受感染动物的奶制品获得的。接触流产胎儿和生殖分泌物的工作人员也可能在职业上接触到这种物质。动物通过直接接触和垂直传播从其他受感染动物获得感染。这种感染在除南极洲以外的世界各大洲都很普遍，但其影响在发展中国家更为明显，在那里它是动物和人类的地方病。在某些已根除这一疾病的发达国家，随着这一疾病似乎占据更多领土，这一疾病似乎又重新出现。该疾病的风险因素可能因国家和地区而异，但大多数风险因素是相似的。除了直接接触受感染的动物及其分泌物外，食用未经巴氏消毒的奶和奶制品在这种感染从动物传播给人类方面起着非常重要的作用。控制这种无处不在的感染的最佳方法是通过一种健康方法，涉及人类健康，动物健康和环境健康。本文回顾了布鲁氏菌病在世界各大洲一些国家的流行情况，并强调了导致这种感染在动物和人类中持续存在的危险因素，以期为这种在世界许多地区几代人都未能根除的古老人畜共患病提供解决方案。
Brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis with 500,000 new cases every year in humans and infections in millions of animals. This infection is mainly acquired by humans through consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products from infected animals. Exposure can also occur occupationally in those who work closely with animals through contact with aborted fetuses and reproductive secretions. Animals acquire the infection from other infected animals through direct contact and vertical transmission. This infection is prevalent in all continents of the world except Antarctica, but its impact is more felt in developing countries where it is endemic in animals and humans. In certain developed countries where the disease was eradicated, there seem to be a re-emergence of the disease as the disease appears to claim more territory. The risk factors of the disease may vary from country to country and region to region, but most risk factors are similar. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products plays a very important role in the transmission of this infection from animals to humans, in addition to direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. The best way to control this ubiquitous infection is through the One Health approach which involves human health, animal health, and environmental health. This paper reviews the prevalence of brucellosis in some countries in various continents of the world and highlights the risk factors responsible for the persistence of this infection in animals and humans with a view to proffering solution to this age-old zoonosis that has defied eradication for many generations in many parts of the world.