The Kangxi Depression and Early Qing Local Markets
The Kangxi Depression and Early Qing Local Markets
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康熙洼地与清初地方市场
DOI：
10.1177/009770048401000203
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Mio Kishimoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mio Kishimoto
自1949年以来，对前现代中国经济的研究已经投入了大量的精力。20世纪50年代关于“资本主义萌芽”的争论，揭示了大量关于明清经济的数据，但没有得出任何明确的结论。过去几十年的实证研究表明，明清经济的主导因素是用保罗·斯威齐的话说，“既不是封建的，也不是资本主义的。“斯威齐在关于欧洲从封建主义向资本主义过渡的著名辩论中使用了这个短语（希尔顿，1978：49）。众所周知，这句话遭到了学者们的批评，他们把封建主义定义为一种生产方式，在这种生产方式中，土地统治阶级通过各种经济外的强制手段从小生产者那里榨取剩余产品。这种将封建主义定义为生产方式的做法也贯穿于日本的中国史研究中。因此，土地租佃制广泛存在的明清社会具有封建社会的特征。(For关于日本对中国封建主义的争论的清晰的英语阐述见格罗夫和埃谢里克[1980]。）
Since 1949 much research has been devoted to the study of the economy of premodern China. The debate during the 1950s over the "sprouts of capitalism" uncovered a great deal of data on the Ming-Qing economy, but failed to reach any definitive conclusion. Empirical research during the last few decades shows that the predominant elements of the Ming-Qing economy were to use the words of Paul Sweezy "neither feudal nor capitalist." This phrase was used by Sweezy in the celebrated debate on the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Europe (Hilton, 1978: 49). As is widely known, this remark was criticized by scholars who define feudalism as a mode of production in which the surplus product is extracted from small producers by a landed ruling class through various means of extraeconomic compulsion. This definition of feudalism as a mode of production also pervades Japanese historical studies of China. As a result, Ming-Qing society, where land tenancy widely existed, is characterized as a feudal society. (For a lucid exposition in English of Japanese controversies over Chinese feudalism see Grove and Esherick [1980].)