Division of labor by sex and age in Neandertals: an approach through the study of activity-related dental wear
Division of labor by sex and age in Neandertals: an approach through the study of activity-related dental wear
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.07.007
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Rosas, Antonio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Estalrrich, Almudena;Rosas, Antonio
对史前解剖学上的现代人类和现代狩猎采集者的活动相关牙齿磨损模式的分析表明，性别差异归因于性别分工。众所周知，尼安德特人的前牙磨损很严重，这与他们使用门牙作为工具有关。在这项研究中，我们分析了i）文化条纹（前牙唇面上的划痕，具有切痕形态），和ii）牙齿碎裂（生前微骨折，涉及釉质或釉质和牙本质）在19个尼安德特人从l'Hortus（法国），Spy（比利时），和El Sidron（西班牙）网站，并将这些性状的特征与个体和样本间的年龄和性别估计进行比较。研究表明，所有个体都有文化条纹，但成年女性身上的文化条纹比成年男性身上的文化条纹要长。关于牙齿碎裂的分布，这种特征在男性的上颌牙列中的患病率较高，而女性的下颌牙大多数是牙齿碎裂。在整体活动相关牙齿磨损模式上检测到的差异表明尼安德特人在使用口腔作为第三只手时，年龄和性别的差异或劳动分工，即，除了提供食物外，还从事其他活动，并为这种更新世化石人类物种的生活方式提供了新的证据。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The analysis of activity-related dental wear patterns in prehistoric anatomically modern humans and modern hunter-gatherers has shown sex differences attributable to a gendered division of labor. Neandertals are known to have extensive anterior dental wear related to the use of their front teeth as a tool. In this study we analyze the i) cultural striations (scratches on the labial surface of the anterior teeth with a cut-mark morphology), and ii) dental chipping (ante-mortem microfracture involving enamel or both enamel and dentine) in 19 Neandertal individuals from the l'Hortus (France), Spy (Belgium), and El Sidron (Spain) sites, and compare the characteristics of those traits with the age and sex estimation for the individuals and among samples. The study reveals that all individuals have cultural striations, but those detected on the adult females are longer than the striations found in adult males. Regarding the distribution of dental chipping, the prevalence of this trait is higher in the maxillary dentition of males whereas females have the majority of dental chipping on their mandibular teeth. The differences detected on the overall activity-related dental wear pattern denote a difference or a division of labor by age and sex in Neandertals while using the mouth as a third hand, i.e., in activities other than the provisioning of food, and provide new evidence for the lifestyle of this Pleistocene fossil human species. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.