Predator and Prey Models with Flexible Individual Behavior and Imperfect Information
Predator and Prey Models with Flexible Individual Behavior and Imperfect Information
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具有灵活个体行为和不完全信息的捕食者和被捕食者模型
DOI：
10.1086/303344
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
O. Schmitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barney Luttbeg;O. Schmitz
为了开始确定可能需要哪些行为细节来表征群落的动态和稳定性，我们检查了被捕食者对捕食风险的行为反应对群落动态和稳定性的影响。我们考虑了猎物改变其觅食努力以权衡能量收益和捕食风险的情况。我们使用状态依赖的动态最优化方法计算了四种捕食行为对捕食风险做出反应的模型的最优权衡。我们考虑了一个固定的行为模型，其中猎物使用恒定的觅食努力水平，以及三个灵活的行为模型，其中猎物根据自己的生理状态和感知的捕食风险水平来改变他们的觅食努力。灵活的行为在群落层面造成了不稳定，表现为捕食者-被捕食者振荡较高，群落持续时间较短。猎物估计捕食风险的机制也影响到群落的稳定性。我们发现，具有灵活行为和固定风险感知的猎物产生的群落动力学与具有灵活行为和关于捕食风险的完整信息的猎物产生的群落动力学相似，但两者都不接近具有灵活行为和灵活风险感知的猎物产生的群落动力学。因此，在对群落动态进行建模时，是否有可能用更简单的规则来抽象复杂的行为，这取决于猎物的行为机制，而从经验上讲，这一点知之甚少。
To begin identifying what behavioral details might be needed to characterize community dynamics and stability, we examined the effect of prey behavioral responses to predation risk on community dynamics and stability. We considered the case of prey altering their foraging effort to trade off energy gain and predation risk. We used state‐dependent dynamic optimization to calculate the optimal trade‐off for four models of prey behaviorally responding to predation risk. We consider a fixed behavior model in which prey use constant levels of foraging effort and three flexible behavior models in which prey change their foraging effort according to their physiological state and their perceived level of predation risk. Flexible behavior was destabilizing at the community level as evidenced by higher predator‐prey oscillations and lower community persistence times. The mechanisms by which prey estimated predation risk also affected community stability. We found that community dynamics resulting from prey with flexible behavior and fixed perception of risk approximated community dynamics resulting from prey with flexible behavior and perfect information about predation risk, however neither approximated the community dynamics resulting from prey with flexible behavior and flexible perception of risk. Thus, whether it might be possible to abstract complex behavior with simpler rules when modeling community dynamics depends on the prey’s behavioral mechanisms, which are empirically poorly known.