Canadian House Dust Study: Lead Bioaccessibility and Speciation
Canadian House Dust Study: Lead Bioaccessibility and Speciation
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/es104056m
复制
发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Gardner, H. David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rasmussen, Pat E.;Beauchemin, Suzanne;Gardner, H. David
真空样品收集1025随机选择的城市加拿大家庭调查生物可及铅（Pb-S）的浓度在定居的房子灰尘。结果表明，多峰频率分布，由三个对数正态分布的亚群定义为“城市背景”（geoman 58 μ g g（-1）），“升高”（geoman 447 μ g g（-1）），和“异常”（geoman 1730 μ g g（-1））。924个家庭（90%）的灰尘铅浓度属于“城市背景”类别。升高和异常的亚群主要包括位于城市中心核心区的老房子。房龄的影响是由房龄和灰尘铅含量之间的中度相关性证明（R-2 = 034; n = 1025; p < 001），但值得注意的是，超过10%的房屋在1980年后建成的高/异常类别。相反，家庭补救的好处是由大量的家庭（33%）在1960年之前建造的背景类别证明。利用X-射线吸收光谱法测定的主要灰尘铅物种如下：碳酸铅，羟基碳酸铅，硫酸铅，铬酸铅，铅的氧化物，柠檬酸铅，铅金属，铅吸附到铁和铝的羟基氧化物，铅吸附到腐殖酸盐。根据固相形态估计的Pb生物可利用性预测了使用模拟胃提取物测量的Pb生物可利用性（R-2 = 0.85; n= 12; p < 0.0001）。与背景值（63% +/- 18%）相比，升高和异常亚群（分别为75% +/- 18%和81% +/-8%）中铅生物可及性增加的趋势可以通过较老油漆中用作颜料的生物可及性化合物（碳酸铅和碱式碳酸铅）的比例较高来解释。这项基于人群的研究为人类健康风险评估和风险管理提供了一个具有全国代表性的城市基线。
Vacuum samples were collected from 1025 randomly selected urban Canadian homes to investigate bioaccessible Pb (Pb-s) concentrations in settled house dust. Results indicate a polymodal frequency distribution, consisting of three lognormally distributed subpopulations defined as "urban background" (geomean 58 mu g g(-1)), "elevated" (geomean 447 mu g g(-1)), and "anomalous" (geomean 1730 mu g g(-1)). Dust Pbs concentrations in 924 homes (90%) fall into the "urban background" category. The elevated and anomalous subpopulations predominantly consist of older homes located in central core areas of cities. The influence of house age is evidenced by a moderate correlation between house age and dust Pbs content (R-2 = 034; n = 1025; p < 001), but it is notable that more than 10% of homes in the elevated/anomalous category were built after 1980. Conversely, the benefit of home remediation is evidenced by the large number of homes (33%) in the background category that were built before 1960. The dominant dust Pb species determined using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy were as follows: Pb carbonate, Pb hydroxyl carbonate, Pb sulfate, Pb chromate, Pb oxide, Pb citrate, Pb metal, Pb adsorbed to Fe- and Al-oxyhydroxides, and Pb adsorbed to humate. Pb bioaccessibility estimated from solid phase speciation predicts Pb bioaccessibility measured using a simulated gastric extraction (R-2 = 0.85; n= 12; p < 0.0001). The trend toward increased Pb bioaccessibility in the elevated and anomalous subpopulations (75% +/- 18% and 81% +/- 8%, respectively) compared to background (63% +/- 18%) is explained by the higher proportion of bioaccessible compounds used as pigments in older paints (Pb carbonate and Pb hydroxyl carbonate). This population-based study provides a nationally representative urban baseline for applications in human health risk asaessment and risk management.