PROTEIN METHYLATION
PROTEIN METHYLATION
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DOI：
10.1126/science.174.4005.114
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发表时间：
1971-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
KIM, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PAIK, WK;KIM, S
蛋白质分子的结构主要由组成蛋白质的氨基酸的顺序决定。然而，某些蛋白质的结构在遗传翻译后通过连续氨基酸残基的改变而进一步改变。这种改变是由于例如羟基化、磷酸化、乙酰化、甲基化或硫代化而产生的。预成型蛋白质的羟基化几乎只发生在胶原蛋白中，综述已充分处理了这一主题（1）。除了它在碳水化合物代谢中的作用外（2），目前对蛋白质的磷酸化以及乙酰化和甲基化的研究很多，部分原因是Huang和Bonner观察到组蛋白抑制DNA依赖的RNA聚合酶（3），并且组蛋白作为基因调节剂的某些特异性可能是由于其侧链经常被乙酰基或甲基修饰（4）。组蛋白的磷酸化和乙酰化已被综述（S，6）。在过去的几年中，对蛋白质甲基化的研究已经产生了许多重要的观察结果。在这些研究进行的过程中，人们普遍认识到蛋白质甲基化比最初设想的要复杂得多，而且有更多的分支。各种氨基酸都是甲基化的，它们的甲基化涉及特定的酶，自然界中甲基化氨基酸的发生是极其多样的。因此，蛋白质甲基化过程可能对体内蛋白质功能的控制具有深远的影响。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了知识的现状，
The structure of a protein molecule is primarily determined by the se-quence of the constituent amino acids. However, the structures of certain proteins are further modified after genetic translation by alterations in the constit-uent amino acid residues. Such alterations come about as a result of, for example, hydroxylation, phosphoryla-tion, acetylation, methylation, or thio-lation. Hydroxylation of preformed protein occurs almost exclusively in collagen, and reviews have adequately dealt with this subject (1). Apart from its role in carbohydrate meta-bolism (2), phosphorylation as well as acetylation and methylation of proteins is very much studied at present partly because of the observation by Huang and Bonner that histone inhibits the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3), and that some specificity of histone as a gene regulator may be due to the fact that its side chains are often modified by acetyl or methyl groups (4). The phosphorylation and acetylation of histone have been reviewed (S, 6). During the last several years, studies on methylation of proteins have yielded many important observations. While these studies were going on, it was generally realizedthat protein methyla-tion is far more complex and has more ramifications than was originally as-sumed. Various amino acids are methylated, their methylation involves specific enzymes, and the occurrence of methylated amino acids in nature is extremely diverse. Thus the protein methylation process might have far-reaching effects on the control of protein function in vivo. In this article we review the present status of knowledge