Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics
Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4419-8678-8_1
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Henrik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jensen, Finn B.;Kuperman, William A.;Schmidt, Henrik
计算声学和数值声学的起源与理论物理学作为一种智力努力的出现是一致的。毕达哥拉斯发展了（西方）音阶理论，根据一种称为单弦的装置，通过拨动相对长度为小整数1、2和3之比的两段弦来获得相邻的辅音音阶。他认识到这些弦的长度与拨弦时产生的声音频率成反比。从那时起，声学中的计算方法已经扩展到使用比这三个整数更多的数字。17世纪的Mersenne[2]在确定弦的振动频率与其横截面积的平方根成正比时，加入了无理数作为数值工具。他进一步补充了声学的定量传统，得出了这样的结论：“声速大于炮弹的速度，等于每秒230个6英尺间隔。”虽然前一种说法也可能适用于声音在水中的传播，但从梅森的推测来看，声音在水中的传播速度比空气慢，因为水的密度大于空气，因此他对理解水下声学的贡献是值得怀疑的。
The origin of computational andnumericalacoustics coincides with the emergence of theoretical physics [1] as an intellectual endeavor. Pythagoras developed the theory of the (Western) musical scale in terms of a device called a monochord in which adjacent consonant notes of the musical scale were obtained by plucking two string segments whose relative lengths were ratios of the small integers 1, 2, and 3. He recognized that the lengths of these strings were inversely proportional to the frequency of sound generated when plucked. Since that time, computational methods in acoustics have expanded to use more numbers than these first three integers. Mersenne [2] in the seventeenth century added the irrationals as a numerical tool when he determined that the frequency of a vibrating string was proportional to the square root of its cross-sectional area. He further added to the quantitative tradition of acoustics with conclusions such as: “The velocity of sound is greater than the velocity of cannon balls and equals 230 six-foot intervals per second.” Although the former statement is also probably true for sound propagating in water, Mersenne’s contributions to the understanding of underwater acoustics are suspect judging from his speculation that sound travels more slowly in water than air because the density of water is greater than air.