Cumulative Effects of Low Impact Development on Watershed Hydrology in a Mixed Land-Cover System
Cumulative Effects of Low Impact Development on Watershed Hydrology in a Mixed Land-Cover System
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DOI：
10.3390/w10080991
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Pettus, Paul P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoghooghi, Nahal;Golden, Heather E.;Pettus, Paul P.
低影响开发（LID）是传统城市雨水管理做法的替代方案，旨在减轻城市化对水量和水质的影响。地块和当地规模的研究提供了证据的LID的有效性，但是，鲜为人知的整体流域规模的影响LID的做法。在土地覆被比仅按城市或郊区分类的土地覆被更加多样化的流域，情况尤其如此。我们通过评估三种常见的LID实践（雨水花园，渗透性路面和河岸缓冲区）对0.94 km（2）混合土地覆盖流域水文的影响来解决这个流域尺度的差距。我们使用了一个空间上明确的生态水文模型，称为可视化生态系统的土地管理评估（VELMA），比较流域水文响应的变化之前和之后实施LID的做法。对于LID场景，我们研究了不同的空间配置，使用25%，50%，75%和100%的实施范围，将人行道转换为雨水花园，停车场和车道转换为可渗透的路面。我们进一步应用了20米和40米河岸缓冲区沿着流，邻近农业用地覆盖。结果表明，整体增加浅地下径流和渗透，以及蒸散，并在所有类型和配置的LID的峰值流量和地表径流减少。在个人LID的做法，雨水花园的整体流域水平衡的每个组成部分的影响最大。正如预期的那样，最高实施级别的LID实践的结合给整个流域水文带来了最实质性的变化。值得注意的是，LID实施后的所有水文变化，在整个研究流域范围内为0.01至0.06 km（2），都是适度的，这表明LID实践在混合土地覆盖流域的有效性可能有限。
Low Impact Development (LID) is an alternative to conventional urban stormwater management practices, which aims at mitigating the impacts of urbanization on water quantity and quality. Plot and local scale studies provide evidence of LID effectiveness; however, little is known about the overall watershed scale influence of LID practices. This is particularly true in watersheds with a land cover that is more diverse than that of urban or suburban classifications alone. We address this watershed-scale gap by assessing the effects of three common LID practices (rain gardens, permeable pavement, and riparian buffers) on the hydrology of a 0.94 km(2) mixed land cover watershed. We used a spatially-explicit ecohydrological model, called Visualizing Ecosystems for Land Management Assessments (VELMA), to compare changes in watershed hydrologic responses before and after the implementation of LID practices. For the LID scenarios, we examined different spatial configurations, using 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% implementation extents, to convert sidewalks into rain gardens, and parking lots and driveways into permeable pavement. We further applied 20 m and 40 m riparian buffers along streams that were adjacent to agricultural land cover. The results showed overall increases in shallow subsurface runoff and infiltration, as well as evapotranspiration, and decreases in peak flows and surface runoff across all types and configurations of LID. Among individual LID practices, rain gardens had the greatest influence on each component of the overall watershed water balance. As anticipated, the combination of LID practices at the highest implementation level resulted in the most substantial changes to the overall watershed hydrology. It is notable that all hydrological changes from the LID implementation, ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 km(2) across the study watershed, were modest, which suggests a potentially limited efficacy of LID practices in mixed land cover watersheds.