Dark matter evidence, particle physics candidates and detection methods
Dark matter evidence, particle physics candidates and detection methods
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DOI：
10.1002/andp.201200116
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发表时间：
2012-05
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
L. Bergström
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Bergström
回顾了宇宙中的暗物质问题。一个简短的历史的主题，并确定了几个最明显的粒子候选人的暗物质。特别关注的是弱相互作用的大质量粒子（WIMPs），其中最轻的超对称粒子是一个有趣的特例和有用的模板。三种检测方法：在粒子加速器中，通过直接检测散射的地面探测器，和间接检测的产品，从暗物质粒子湮灭在银河系晕，进行了讨论，并解释其互补性。直接探测实验已经揭示了暗物质信号的一些可能迹象，但目前情况相当混乱。最近，间接检测也进入了一个敏感区域，其中一些粒子候选者可以被检测到。事实上，这里也有一些（目前还没有定论的）可能的暗物质信号的迹象，比如在费米-LAT空间探测器的公开数据中发现的130 GeV γ射线能量的有趣结构。该领域的未来将取决于WIMP是否真的是暗物质，这可能在未来几年内得到切实的探索。如果这一令人兴奋的情景被证明是真的，我们可以期待在未来十年内进行大量其他补充实验。如果不是真的，时间尺度和检测方法将更加不确定。
The problem of the dark matter in the universe is reviewed. A short history of the subject is given, and several of the most obvious particle candidates for dark matter are identified. Particular focus is given to weakly interacting, massive particles (WIMPs) of which the lightest supersymmetric particle is an interesting special case and a useful template. The three detection methods: in particle accelerators, by direct detections of scattering in terrestrial detectors, and indirect detection of products from dark matter particle annihilation in the galactic halo, are discussed and their complementarity is explained. Direct detection experiments have revealed some possible indications of a dark matter signal, but the situation is quite confusing at the moment. Very recently, also indirect detection has entered a sensitivity region where some particle candidates could be detectable. Indeed, also here there are some (presently non‐conclusive) indications of possible dark matter signals, like an interesting structure at 130 GeV γ‐ray energy found in publicly available data from the Fermi‐LAT space detector. The future of the field will depend on whether WIMPs are indeed the dark matter, something that may realistically be probed in the next few years. If this exciting scenario turns out to be true, we can expect a host of other, complementary experiments in the coming decade. If it is not true, the time scale and methods for detection will be much more uncertain.