Career Funneling
Career Funneling
复制标题
职业漏斗
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Bloom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Binder;Daniel B. Davis;N. Bloom
精英大学被认为是最广泛的有意义的职业生涯的起点。然而，年复一年，在最挑剔的大学里，近一半的毕业生选择的专业范围出奇地窄。在过去的几十年里，这主要是金融和咨询行业，但也越来越多地包括高科技公司。这项研究使用了一个文化组织的透镜来展示学生文化和校园结构如何引导大部分焦虑和不确定的学生进入高财富，高地位的职业部门。我们采访了哈佛和斯坦福大学的56名学生和校友，发现大多数受访者在刚到大学时对职业道路感到困惑，但很快就学会了被认为是最有声望的选择。金融、咨询和高科技工作的校园招聘是学生地位感的重要驱动力;在同龄人中建立的职业声望系统加剧了这些工作的滑稽效应。从这些过程中，学生们学会了在“高地位”和“普通”工作之间划清界限。我们的研究结果表明，大学校园的地位过程是如何产生职业结构中最高职位的偏好的核心，精英校园环境在社会不平等的生产和复制中发挥着巨大的独立作用。
Elite universities are credited as launch points for the widest variety of meaningful careers. Yet, year after year at the most selective universities, nearly half the graduating seniors head to a surprisingly narrow band of professional options. Over the past few decades, this has largely been into the finance and consulting sectors, but increasingly it also includes high-tech firms. This study uses a cultural-organizational lens to show how student cultures and campus structures steer large portions of anxious and uncertain students into high-wealth, high-status occupational sectors. Interviewing 56 students and recent alumni at Harvard and Stanford Universities, we found that the majority of our respondents experienced confusion about career paths when first arriving at college but quickly learned what were considered to be the most prestigious options. On-campus corporate recruitment for finance, consulting, and high-tech jobs functioned as a significant driver of student perceptions of status; career prestige systems built up among peers exacerbated the funneling effect into these jobs. From these processes, students learned to draw boundaries between ‘‘high-status’’ and ‘‘ordinary’’ jobs. Our findings demonstrate how status processes on college campuses are central in generating preferences for the uppermost positions in the occupational structure and that elite campus environments have a large, independent role in the production and reproduction of social inequality.