Do actions speak louder than words? Preschool children's use of the verbal-nonverbal consistency principle during inconsistent communications
Do actions speak louder than words? Preschool children's use of the verbal-nonverbal consistency principle during inconsistent communications
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1023614123081
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Lee, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eskritt, M;Lee, K
本研究考察了学龄前儿童在言语暗示与非言语暗示相矛盾的情况下，是否能够运用传统的“行动胜于言语”原则(或言语-非言语一致性原则)来处理信息。3岁、4岁和5岁的孩子被观看了一段视频，视频中一名演员喝了一杯饮料，并做出了与她的情感表达(例如，皱眉)不一致的口头声明(例如，我喜欢它)，并被问及演员喜欢还是不喜欢这种饮料。如果儿童使用言语-非言语一致性原则，他们应该根据演员的情感表达所传达的信息做出反应。结果表明，当信息更自然时，大多数儿童倾向于根据演员的口头信息做出回应。然而，当语言和非语言信息之间的不一致变得突出时，更多的孩子似乎依赖非语言提示。在先前的研究中，年龄较小的儿童对语言暗示的依赖可能部分是由语言信息的突出程度解释的。
The present study investigated whether preschool children could use the conventional "actions speak louder than words" principle (or the verbal-nonverbal consistency principle) to process information in situations where verbal cues contradict nonverbal cues. Three-, 4-, and 5-year-olds were shown a video in which an actor drank a beverage and made a verbal statement (e.g., "I like it") that was inconsistent with her emotional expression (e.g., frowning), and were asked whether the actor liked or disliked the beverage. If children used the verbal-nonverbal consistency principle, they should respond according to the information conveyed by the actor's emotional expression. Results showed that when the message was more naturalistic, the majority of children tended to respond based on the actor's verbal message. However, when the inconsistency between the verbal and nonverbal messages was made salient, more children appeared to rely on the nonverbal cue. Younger children's reliance on verbal cues reported in previous research may be partly explained by the salience of the verbal message.