Non-redundancy in seed dispersal and germination by native and introduced frugivorous birds: implications of invasive bird impact on native plant communities
Non-redundancy in seed dispersal and germination by native and introduced frugivorous birds: implications of invasive bird impact on native plant communities
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DOI：
10.1007/s10531-018-1629-4
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Amico, Guillermo C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martin-Albarracin, Valeria L.;Nunez, Martin A.;Amico, Guillermo C.
脊椎动物的种子传播对于许多肉质果实植物物种的建立是重要的。不同的食果物种可根据其特定的饮食偏好以及行为和身体特征（例如鸟类的身体大小和喙的大小）提供不同的种子传播服务。我们的目的是研究冗余和互补性的种子传播和发芽之间的两个主要的本地种子传播鸟类和引进的银雉Lophura nycthemera在温带巴塔哥尼亚森林。为此，我们收集了所研究物种的新鲜粪便，并分析了种子含量。我们进行了发芽试验，四种植物的鸟粪中常见的，两个本地物种（Chiletelia chilensis和Rhaphithamnus spinosus）和两个入侵的非本地物种（悬钩子ulmifolius和玫瑰rubiginosa）。本地食果鸟类和银雉都传播非本地肉质果实植物的果实，但它们在物种传播和种子萌发方面的作用是不多余的。银雉传播了大量的非本地种子，而本地鸟类传播了大量的本地种子。此外，肠道处理对种子萌发的影响在不同种子传播者之间存在差异。本地鸟类促进发芽的两个本地植物物种的研究，而银雉促进发芽的一个非本地植物。这表明，种子传播的银雉可能有助于一些入侵的肉质果实植物在生态系统中的传播，否则不会被任何其他鸟类传播。了解本地鸟类和引进鸟类在种子传播和萌发方面的冗余性和互补性，将有助于改善肉质果实非本地植物的管理。
Seed dispersal by vertebrate animals is important for the establishment of many fleshy-fruited plant species. Different frugivorous species can provide different seed dispersal services according to their specific dietary preferences as well as behaviour and body traits (e.g. body size and beak size of birds). Our aim was to study redundancies and complementarities in seed dispersal and germination between the two main native seed disperser birds and the introduced silver pheasant Lophura nycthemera in the temperate Patagonian forests. For this, we collected fresh droppings from the studied species and analyzed seed content. We conducted germination trials for four plant species common in bird droppings; two native species (Aristotelia chilensis and Rhaphithamnus spinosus) and two invasive non-native species (Rubus ulmifolius and Rosa rubiginosa). Both native frugivorous birds and the silver pheasant dispersed fruits of non- native fleshy-fruited plants, but their roles were non-redundant in terms of species dispersed and effect on seed germination. The silver pheasant dispersed a proportionally high number of non-native seeds, while native birds dispersed a high number of native seeds. In addition, the effect of gut treatment in seed germination differed between seed dispersers. Native birds promoted the germination for the two native plant species studied, while the silver pheasant promoted the germination of one non-native plant. This suggests that seed dispersal by the silver pheasant may contribute to the spread of some invasive fleshy-fruited plants in the ecosystems that otherwise would not be dispersed by any other bird. The understanding of redundancies and complementarities on seed dispersal and germination between native and introduced birds will allow improving the management of fleshy-fruited non-native plants.