Four Tomato FLOWERING LOCUS T-Like Proteins Act Antagonistically to Regulate Floral Initiation.
Four Tomato FLOWERING LOCUS T-Like Proteins Act Antagonistically to Regulate Floral Initiation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2015.01213
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Deng S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cao K;Cui L;Zhou X;Ye L;Zou Z;Deng S
高等植物从营养生长到花分生组织的转变是通过内部信号和环境信号的整合来调节的。本研究旨在探讨日光中性植物番茄（Solanum lycopersicum L.）以及环境条件对番茄开花的影响。通过对番茄基因组的分析，发现了13个PEBP（phosphatidyethanolamine-binding protein）基因，其中6个为FT类基因，分别命名为SlSP 3D、SlSP 6A、SlSP 5G、SlSP 5G 1、SlSP 5G 2和SlSP 5G 3。通过转基因和表达分析，对6个FT样基因进行了分析，以阐明它们在开花中的功能作用。我们发现SlSP 5G、SlSP 5G 2和SlSP 5G 3蛋白是成花抑制剂，而只有SlSP 3D/SFT（单花TRUSS）是成花诱导剂。与短日照（SD）条件相比，S1 SP 5G在长日照（LD）条件下以更高的水平表达，而S1 SP 5G 2和S1 SP 5G 3显示出相反的表达模式。通过VIGS（病毒诱导的基因沉默）沉默S1 SP 5G导致番茄植物在LD条件下提早开花，并且S1 SP 5G 2和S1 SP 5G 3的沉默导致在SD条件下提早开花。在LD条件下，在phyB 1突变体中没有观察到SlSP 5G的更高表达水平，并且与野生型植物相比，在SD和LD条件下，在phyB 1突变体中SlSP 5G 2和SlSP 5G 3的表达水平增加。这些数据表明，SlSP 5G，SlSP 5G 2和SlSP 5G 3受光周期控制，FT样基因在不同光周期下的不同表达模式可能有助于番茄成为白天中性植物。此外，PHYB 1介导SlSP 5G、SlSP 5G 2和SlSP 5G 3的表达以调节番茄中的开花。
The transition from vegetative growth to floral meristems in higher plants is regulated through the integration of internal cues and environmental signals. We were interested to examine the molecular mechanism of flowering in the day-neutral plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and the effect of environmental conditions on tomato flowering. Analysis of the tomato genome uncovered 13 PEBP (phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein) genes, and found six of them were FT-like genes which named as SlSP3D, SlSP6A, SlSP5G, SlSP5G1, SlSP5G2, and SlSP5G3. Six FT-like genes were analyzed to clarify their functional roles in flowering using transgenic and expression analyses. We found that SlSP5G, SlSP5G2, and SlSP5G3 proteins were floral inhibitors whereas only SlSP3D/SFT (SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS) was a floral inducer. SlSP5G was expressed at higher levels in long day (LD) conditions compared to short day (SD) conditions while SlSP5G2 and SlSP5G3 showed the opposite expression patterns. The silencing of SlSP5G by VIGS (Virus induced gene silencing) resulted in tomato plants that flowered early under LD conditions and the silencing of SlSP5G2 and SlSP5G3 led to early flowering under SD conditions. The higher expression levels of SlSP5G under LD conditions were not seen in phyB1 mutants, and the expression levels of SlSP5G2 and SlSP5G3 were increased in phyB1 mutants under both SD and LD conditions compared to wild type plants. These data suggest that SlSP5G, SlSP5G2, and SlSP5G3 are controlled by photoperiod, and the different expression patterns of FT-like genes under different photoperiod may contribute to tomato being a day neutral plant. In addition, PHYB1 mediate the expression of SlSP5G, SlSP5G2, and SlSP5G3 to regulate flowering in tomato.