Visuocortical changes during delay and trace aversive conditioning: evidence from steady-state visual evoked potentials.
Visuocortical changes during delay and trace aversive conditioning: evidence from steady-state visual evoked potentials.
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延迟和微量厌恶调节过程中的视觉皮层变化：来自稳态视觉诱发电位的证据。
DOI：
10.1037/a0031323
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Keil,Andreas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miskovic,Vladimir;Keil,Andreas
视觉系统倾向于通过时间共现与危险或伤害相关的感觉线索。关于条件反射诱导的视觉皮质加工变化，一个突出的问题是，它们主要是由自上而下的因素（如期望）或低水平的因素（如条件刺激和厌恶结果之间的时间接近）驱动的。在这里，作者通过两个不同的差异厌恶条件反射实验来检验这个问题：参与者学会将特定的光栅刺激与厌恶噪音联系起来，这些噪音要么是在近时间接近（延迟条件反射实验）中出现的，要么是在长时间无刺激间隔后出现的（追踪条件反射实验）。在这两个实验中，作者通过记录稳态视觉诱发电位来探测线索相关的皮层反应。尽管行为评分表明所有参与者都成功地学会了区分预测厌恶噪音存在与不存在的光栅模式，但只有当光栅和噪音在时间上连续时，视觉皮层中对条件危险信号的群体水平反应才会选择性地放大。我们的研究结果与一些观点一致，即由厌恶条件反射引起的视觉神经元皮层电反应的变化是感觉细胞集合之间的赫比关联的产物，而不是完全由基于期望的声明性过程驱动。
The visual system is biased toward sensory cues that have been associated with danger or harm through temporal co-occurrence. An outstanding question about conditioning-induced changes in visuocortical processing is the extent to which they are driven primarily by top-down factors such as expectancy or by low-level factors such as the temporal proximity between conditioned stimuli and aversive outcomes. Here, the authors examined this question using 2 different differential aversive conditioning experiments: participants learned to associate a particular grating stimulus with an aversive noise that was presented either in close temporal proximity (delay conditioning experiment) or after a prolonged stimulus-free interval (trace conditioning experiment). In both experiments, the authors probed cue-related cortical responses by recording steady-state visual evoked potentials. Although behavioral ratings indicated that all participants successfully learned to discriminate between the grating patterns that predicted the presence versus absence of the aversive noise, selective amplification of population-level responses in visual cortex for the conditioned danger signal was observed only when the grating and the noise were temporally contiguous. Our findings are in line with notions purporting that changes in the electrocortical response of visual neurons induced by aversive conditioning are a product of Hebbian associations among sensory cell assemblies rather than being driven entirely by expectancy-based, declarative processes.