Root herbivores and detritivores shape above-ground multitrophic assemblage through plant-mediated effects
Root herbivores and detritivores shape above-ground multitrophic assemblage through plant-mediated effects
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01681.x
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发表时间：
2010-07-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Mueller, Caroline
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gonzalez Megias, Adela;Mueller, Caroline
P>1。由植物性状变化介导的间接效应是地上和地下食草动物相互影响及其敌人的主要机制。直到最近，才考虑到分解者在调节这种以植物为基础的系统中的作用。我们假设：（i）地下生物，既是食草动物，（对植物的负面影响）和食草动物（ii）花食草动物会对与植物相关的其他地上食草动物产生负面影响;以及（iii）不仅地上和地下的食草动物，而且食草动物也会影响植物中次生代谢物（即硫代葡萄糖苷）的产生。我们操纵的存在下，地上食草动物，地下食草动物和地下食草动物对在该领域中的苦草科Moricandia moricandioides解开他们的个人和其他生物群体的联合影响。我们还研究了它们对植物化学防御的影响，以评估潜在的机制。我们的研究结果表明，不仅地上和地下食草动物，但也食草动物影响其他食草动物和寄生性天敌与寄主植物。大多数效应不是累加效应，因为当存在属于不同功能群体或食物网分区的其他生物时，效应的强度会发生变化。地下食草动物和反食草动物对地上动物的影响与硫甙浓度和资源量的变化有关.这项研究表明，植物为基础的食物网中的多营养相互作用可以显着改变地下生物的行动。其中最重要和新颖的结果是，食虫昆虫诱导植物代谢产物的变化，改变了植物的质量和吸引力的食草动物和寄生性在田间条件下。
P>1. Indirect effects mediated by changes in plant traits are the main mechanism by which above- and below-ground herbivores affect each other and their enemies. Only recently the role of decomposers in the regulation of such plant-based systems has been considered. We hypothesized that: (i) below-ground organisms, both herbivores (negative effect on plants) and detritivores (positive effect on plants), will have a profound effect on the interactions among above-ground arthropods; (ii) floral herbivores will negatively affect other above-ground herbivores associated with the plant; and (iii) not only above- and below-ground herbivores, but also detritivores will affect the production of secondary metabolites, i.e. glucosinolates, in the plants.2. We manipulated the presence of above-ground herbivores, below-ground herbivores and below-ground detritivores on the Brassicaceae Moricandia moricandioides in the field to disentangle their individual and combined effects on other organism groups. We also investigated their effects on the plant's chemical defence to evaluate potential mechanisms.3. Our results show that not only above- and below-ground herbivores, but also detritivores affected other herbivores and parasitoids associated with the host plant. Most effects were not additive because their strength changed when other organisms belonging to different functional groups or food web compartments were present. Moreover, below-ground herbivore and detritivore effects on above-ground fauna were related to changes in glucosinolate concentrations and in quantity of resources.4. This study indicates that multitrophic interactions in plant-based food webs can dramatically change by the action of below-ground organisms. One of the most important and novel results is that detritivores induced changes in plant metabolites, modifying the quality and attractiveness of plants to herbivores and parasitoids under field conditions.