Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment - a comparison of risk assessment strategies
Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment - a comparison of risk assessment strategies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.010
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Voulvoulis, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bound, JP;Voulvoulis, N
对药物活性化合物和个人护理产品释放到环境中的日益关注已经促使欧洲联盟的欧洲药品评估机构（EMEA）和美国的食品和药物管理局（FDA）引入风险评估指南，其细节在本文中呈现。两者都采用了类似的分层系统，将预测的环境浓度（PEC）与标准毒性测定估计的最差情况无影响浓度进行比较。这些方法进行了比较和对比。结果表明，在使用阈值触发调查、慢性和特定机制毒性筛选以及混合物毒性等领域仍有改进的余地，并提出了可能的解决办法。(C)2004爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The growing concern over the release of pharmaceutically active compounds and personal care products into the environment has prompted the introduction of risk assessment guidelines in both the European Union by the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) and in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), details of which are presented herein. Both employ a similar tiered system that compares the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) with the worst-case no effect concentrations estimated from standard toxicity assays. These approaches are compared and contrasted. Results demonstrate room for improvement in areas such as the use of threshold values to trigger investigations, chronic and mechanism specific toxicity screening and mixture toxicity for which possible solutions are proposed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.