Immigration Law Beyond Borders: Externalizing and Internalizing Border Controls in an Era of Securitization
Immigration Law Beyond Borders: Externalizing and Internalizing Border Controls in an Era of Securitization
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110413-030842
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Menjivar, Cecilia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Menjivar, Cecilia
这次审查的重点是在国家实际分界线以外制定边界，以涵盖整个移徙过程，特别注意美国和欧洲联盟的做法。它涉及边界控制的外部化（外包）和内部化（内包）这两个过程，这两个过程都依赖于移徙管理的安全化。外包涉及在较强大的接受国的要求下在输出国和过境国进行的一系列域外活动。内包包括移民的治安和内地的执法控制，如发现、拘留和驱逐移民。这种延伸到领土边缘以外的多管齐下的战略突出了执法的空间性，以及加强了输出国与过境国和接收国之间的力量不平衡，以及国家领土内法律的地位不平等。
This review focuses on the enactment of borders beyond the physical demarcation of the nation, to encompass the entire migratory process, with particular attention to practices in the United States and the European Union. It addresses the twin processes of the externalization (outsourcing) and internalization (insourcing) of border controls, both of which rest on the securitization of migration management. Outsourcing involves a series of extraterritorial activities in sending and in transit countries at the request of the more powerful receiving state. Insourcing includes the policing of immigrants and enforcement controls within the interior, such as the detection, detention, and deportation of immigrants. This multipronged strategy that extends beyond the edges of a territory highlights the spaciality of enforcement and the buttressing of power imbalances between sending countries, on one hand, and transit and receiving countries, on the other, as well as inequalities within national territories with respect to legal status.