The Developmental Origins of a Disposition Toward Empathy: Genetic and Environmental Contributions
The Developmental Origins of a Disposition Toward Empathy: Genetic and Environmental Contributions
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DOI：
10.1037/a0014179
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Rhee, Soo Hyhn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knafo, Ariel;Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn;Rhee, Soo Hyhn
作者调查了同理心倾向的发展及其遗传和环境起源。在多个时间点观察年轻双胞胎（N = 409 对）对母亲和检查者模拟疼痛的认知（假设检验）和情感（共情关注）同理心和亲社会行为。儿童的同理心和亲社会性平均水平在 14 至 36 个月内有所增加。正向的并发相关性和纵向相关性表明，同理心是一种相对稳定的倾向，并且普遍存在于各个年龄段。跨越情感和认知成分，跨越母亲和检查者。多变量遗传分析表明，随着年龄的增长，遗传效应会增加，而共同的环境效应会减少。遗传效应有助于儿童同理心的变化和连续性，而共同的环境效应有助于稳定，非共享的环境效应有助于变化。同理心与亲社会行为相关，这种关系主要是由于环境影响。
The authors investigated the development of a disposition toward empathy and its genetic and environmental origins. Young twins' (N = 409 pairs) cognitive (hypothesis testing) and affective (empathic concern) empathy and prosocial behavior in response to simulated pain by mothers and examiners were observed at Multiple time points. Children's mean level of empathy and prosociality increased front 14 to 36 months. Positive concurrent and longitudinal correlations indicated that empathy was a relatively stable disposition, generalizing across ages. across it affective and cognitive components, and across mother and examiner. Multivariate genetic analyses showed that genetic effects increased, and that shared environmental effects decreased, with age. Genetic effects contributed to both change and continuity in children's empathy, whereas shared environmental effects contributed to stability and nonshared envionmental effects contributed to change. Empathy was associated with prosocial behavior, and this relationship was mainly due to environmental effects.