Honey bee Apis mellifera larvae gut microbial and immune, detoxication responses towards flumethrin stress
Honey bee Apis mellifera larvae gut microbial and immune, detoxication responses towards flumethrin stress
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蜜蜂幼虫肠道微生物及对氟菊酯应激的免疫、解毒反应
DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118107
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Wu Xiaobo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu Longtao;Yang Heyan;Cheng Fuping;Wu Zhihao;Huang Qiang;He Xujiang;Yan Weiyu;Zhang Lizhen;Wu Xiaobo
螨虫被认为是蜜蜂的最大敌人，造成农业生产的经济损失。在养蜂业中，氟苯菊酯经常用于控制螨虫。它会导致蜂群中残留氟苯菊酯，这可能会威胁蜜蜂，尤其是幼虫。尽管如此，氟菊酯引起的生态失调对蜜蜂幼虫健康的影响尚未完全阐明，而且微生物群对蜜蜂分解氟菊酯的影响也知之甚少。在本研究中，用不同的氟菊酯-蔗糖溶液（0、0.5、5、50mg/kg）喂养2日龄幼虫，并每天增加剂量（1.5、2、2.5和3μL）直至封顶，然后测量两个免疫基因（hymenoptaecin、defensin1）和两个解毒相关基因（GST、过氧化氢酶）的表达水平。同时，还通过16S rRNA Illumina深度测序探讨了氟苯菊酯对蜜蜂幼虫（Apis mellifera）肠道微生物的影响。我们发现，5 mg/kg 的氟苯菊酯会引发幼虫中免疫相关基因的过度表达，而当浓度达到 50 mg/kg 时，幼虫解毒相关基因上调。此外，氟氯菊酯处理组（超过0.5 mg/kg）的微生物丰度和多样性显着低于对照组，但氟氯菊酯处理组中微生物的丰度和多样性随着氟菊酯浓度的增加而增加。我们的研究结果表明，微生物作为蜜蜂肠道的屏障，能够在一定程度上保护蜜蜂幼虫，减轻氟氯菊酯对蜜蜂幼虫的应激。此外，随着氟菊酯浓度的增加，蜜蜂幼虫会激活其免疫系统和解毒系统，以防御氟菊酯的潜在威胁。这是第一份关于氟氯菊酯对蜜蜂幼虫肠道微生物群影响的报告。这些发现揭示了关于宿主相关微生物群的免疫和解毒的新的基本见解。
Mites are considered the worst enemy of honey bees, resulting in economic losses in agricultural production. In apiculture, flumethrin is frequently used to control mites. It causes residues of flumethrin in colonies which may threaten honey bees, especially for larvae. Still, the impact of flumethrin-induced dysbiosis on honey bees larval health has not been fully elucidated, and any impact of microbiota for decomposing flumethrin in honey bees is also poorly understood. In this study, 2-day-old larvae were fed with different flumethrin-sucrose solutions (0, 0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg) and the dose increased daily (1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 μL) until capped, thereafter the expression level of two immune genes (hymenoptaecin,defensin1) and two detoxication-related genes (GST, catalase) were measured. Meanwhile, the effect of flumethrin on honey bee larvae (Apis mellifera)gut microbes was also explored via 16S rRNA Illumina deep sequencing. We found that flumethrin at 5 mg/kg triggered the over expression of immune-related genes in larvae, while the larval detoxification-related genes were up-regulated when the concentrations reached 50 mg/kg. Moreover, the abundance and diversity of microbes in flumethrin-treated groups (over 0.5 mg/kg) were significantly lower than control group, but it increased with flumethrin concentrations among the flumethrin-treated groups. Our results revealed that microbes served as a barrier in the honey bee gut and were able to protect honey bee larvae to a certain extent, and reduce the stress of flumethrin on honey bee larvae. In addition, as the concentration of flumethrin increases, honey bee larvae activate their immune system then detoxification system to defend against the potential threat of flumethrin. This is the first report on the impact of flumethrin on gut microbiota in honey bees larvae. The findings revealed new fundamental insights regarding immune and detoxification of host-associated microbiota.