In vitro lung and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of potentially toxic metals in Pb-contaminated alkaline urban soil: The role of particle size fractions
In vitro lung and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of potentially toxic metals in Pb-contaminated alkaline urban soil: The role of particle size fractions
复制标题
铅污染的碱性城市土壤中潜在有毒金属的体外肺和胃肠道生物可及性：颗粒尺寸分数的作用
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110151
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Yu, Hongtao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Xiaoping;Gao, Yu;Yu, Hongtao
潜在有毒金属（PTM）与土壤中不同大小的颗粒有关，可能对人类健康产生不良影响和风险。目的是根据颗粒尺寸分数评估铅污染的碱性城市土壤中 PTM 的肺和胃肠道生物可及性和风险。 【摘要】：采用基于斯托克斯定律的序贯湿式筛分分离程序(SWSSP)对宝鸡重工业基地市Pb污染的碱性城市土壤中50~250μm、5~50μm、1~5μm、<1μm粒径级分进行筛选。通过 ICP-OES 和 ICP-MS 表征了每个粒径级分中 9 种潜在有毒金属（As、Ba、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）的浓度，并分别通过人工溶酶体液 (ALF) 和 Gamble 的模拟液（用于肺）、PBET、SBET、IVG、SBRC、UBM（用于胃和肠）评估了尺寸级分依赖性的体外生物可及性。使用肠道和肺部生物可及性考虑模拟外部暴露来评估健康风险。细粒径（即 < 1 μm）PTM 的肺和胃肠道生物可及性和暴露风险高于较大粒径部分（即 50-250 μm、5-50 μm、1-5 μm），但是，观察到模拟流体和时间依赖性的生物可及性的一些不同变化。就单一 PTM 而言，ALF 中 PTM 的肺生物可及性高于 Gamble 液中的 PTM，其中以 Co、Cu、Mn 和 Zn 最为突出，而 PTM 的胃肠道 [G + I] 生物可及性低于胃中的 [G]，主要为 Cu、Mn、Pb 和 Zn。儿童吸入这些 PTM 的非致癌风险是可以接受的，并且高于成人，但致癌风险却相反。相比之下，PTMs通过摄入途径的非致癌和致癌风险均高于成人。虽然摄入风险在可接受范围内，但儿童总致癌风险超过10(-4)，会带来致癌风险，应引起重视。值得注意的是，有毒金属，所有尺寸分数的钴是非致癌风险的最重要贡献者，铬主要通过当地成人和儿童的吸入途径产生致癌风险。然而，相对于通过手口摄入的致癌风险 Co 和 Cr，Pb 是成人和儿童通过摄入途径产生非致癌风险的最重要因素。这些观察结果表明，受铅污染的碱性土壤中较小的颗粒分级在生物可及性以及吸入和摄入途径的人类健康风险评估的细化方面发挥着重要作用。
Potentially toxic metals (PTMs), associated with different size particles in soil, may play an important role in adverse health effect and risk for human. The objective is to evaluate the lung and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and risk of PTMs in Pb-contaminated alkaline urban soil depending on the particle size fractions. The size fractions of 50-250 mu m, 5-50 mu m, 1-5 mu m, < 1 mu m in Pb-contaminated alkaline urban soil from Baoji Heavy Industrial Base City, NW China, were screened by Sequential Wet Sieving Separation Procedure (SWSSP) based on Stokes' Law. The concentrations of 9 potentially toxic metals (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in each particle size fractions were characterized by ICP-OES and ICP-MS, and the in vitro bioaccessibility dependent of size fractions were evaluated by the simulation fluids of Artificial Lysosomal Fluid (ALF) and Gamble for lung, PBET, SBET, IVG, SBRC, UBM for gastric and intestinal, respectively. Health risks were assessed considering simulated external exposure using intestinal and lung bioaccessibility. The lung and gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and exposure risks of PTMs in fine particle size (i.e. < 1 mu m) was higher than larger particle size fractions (i.e. 50-250 mu m, 5-50 mu m, 1-5 mu m), however, some different variations of bioaccessibility observed the simulation fluids and time dependent. In case of single PTMs, the lung bioaccessibilities of PTMs in ALF were higher than those in Gamble fluids, most prominent in Co, Cu, Mn and Zn, while the gastrointestinal [G + I] bioaccessibility of PTMs was less than those in gastric [G], like Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn mostly. The non-carcinogenic risks of these PTMs to children via inhalation were acceptable and higher than those of adults, but reverse for carcinogenic risk. Comparatively, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of PTMs via ingestion pathway were both higher than those for adults. Although the risks from ingestion were in acceptable range, the total carcinogenic risks for children were more than 10(-4), which would bring carcinogenic risks and should be paid attention to. It was noted that the toxic metal, Co in all size fractions was the most important contributor for noncarcinogenic risks and Cr mostly for carcinogenic risks via inhalation pathway for adults and children in local areas. However, Pb was the most important contributor for noncarcinogenic risk both for adults and children via ingestion pathway relative to Co and Cr for carcinogenic risks through hand-to-mouth ingestion. Those observations demonstrated the important role that the smaller particle fractionations in Pb-contaminated alkaline soil played in both bioaccessibility and the refinement of human health-risk assessments for the inhalation and ingestion pathway.